When testing for differences between the means of two related populations,either a one-tailed or two-tailed test can be used.

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This is true. Depending on the research question and hypothesis, either a one-tailed or two-tailed test can be used to test for differences between the means of two related populations. A one-tailed test is used when the research question predicts the direction of the difference (e.g. Population A will have a higher mean than Population B), while a two-tailed test is used when no specific direction is predicted.

When Testing for Differences Between the Means of Two Related