If you are presented with two cages of rats (in which each cage contains both males and females in equal numbers), and the rats in one cage seem much more aggressive and active, you might hypothesize that the rats in the cage were

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Prenatal exposure to extra androgens can lead to increased aggression and activity levels in many animal species, including rats. Androgens are a group of hormones that play a role in male traits and reproductive activity. Present in both males and females, they are typically higher in males and are associated with aggression and competitive behavior.

If You Are Presented with Two Cages of Rats (In