An evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) is A) a somewhat "expensive" strategy because it demands significant cognitive abilities to be effective. B) a strategy that is effective as long as all members of the population behave in an "honest" fashion. C) a strategy that maximizes the reproductive fitness of the most highly adapted individuals in the group. D) a strategy that, when adopted by nearly all members of a population, cannot be beaten by a different strategy.

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An evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) is one that, when adopted by a majority of a population, cannot be outcompeted or replaced by an alternative strategy. It ensures that individuals using this strategy will have a reproductive or survival advantage, making it stable over evolutionary time.

An evolutionarily Stable Strategy (ESS) Is