Chemicals whose effects are mediated by substances within a postsynaptic neuron called second messengers, such as calcium or cAMP, are known as
A) hormones.
B) neuromodulators.
C) neurotransmitters.
D) all of the above.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Neuromodulators are chemicals that influence neural activity by affecting the postsynaptic neuron indirectly through the action of second messengers like calcium or cAMP, rather than by directly opening ion channels.

Chemicals Whose Effects Are Mediated by Substances Within a Postsynaptic