The Kidney Has a Small Amount of Gluconeogenic Activity $\alpha$ -Ketoglutarate

The kidney has a small amount of gluconeogenic activity. Which of the following explains the source of carbon for gluconeogenesis?

A) conversion of aspartate into oxaloacetate
B) conversion of citrate into acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate
C) conversion of odd-chain fatty acids into succinyl-CoA
D) conversion of alanine into pyruvate
E) conversion of glutamine into glutamic acid, then to $\alpha$ -ketoglutarate