The development of a bureaucracy,expansion of educational opportunities,reduction in the spheres of social behavior in which religion and kinship play a role,achievement replacing ascription as the basis for defining roles-all of these are associated with _______________.
A)modernization
B)structural differentiation
C)revitalization
D)diffusion
E)acculturation

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

These are all characteristics commonly associated with modernization, the process by which societies become more technologically advanced, economically specialized, and socially differentiated. The growth of bureaucracies, opportunities for education, and the weakening of traditional social institutions like religion and kinship are all common features of modern societies. Similarly, the emphasis on individual achievement rather than inherited or ascribed status is another hallmark of modernization. Structural differentiation (B) refers more specifically to the increased complexity of organizational structures within modern societies, while revitalization (C) refers to efforts to revive or renew traditional practices in response to perceived cultural decay or disruption. Diffusion (D) and acculturation (E) both refer to the spread of cultural traits or the adoption of new cultural practices from other societies, but do not capture the more comprehensive changes associated with modernization.

The Development of a Bureaucracy,expansion of Educational Opportunities,reduction in the Spheres