"The Saints and the Roughnecks" by William Chambliss followed two groups of boys over the course of several years. Both groups did many deviant things. The Saints, eight young men from "white upper-middle-class families" potentially presented the greater danger to their community by driving drunk and vandalizing stop signs. However, it was the Roughnecks, six "lower-class white boys" who were "constantly in trouble with the police." Very different backgrounds and very similar actions produced very different expectations. Those expectations, or prophecies, had real consequences. All but one of the Saints went on to college and then to professional positions. Only two of the Roughnecks went on to college, both on athletic scholarships, while several of the rest adopted deviant lifestyles and careers, also known as:
A) differential association.
B) positive deviance.
C) primary deviance.
D) secondary deviance.
E) stigma.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The Roughnecks' continued engagement in deviant behavior can be considered secondary deviance, which occurs when an individual's deviant behavior becomes a core part of their identity and they continue to engage in it even after facing negative consequences. The other choices are not as applicable to the situations described in the passage.

"The Saints and the Roughnecks" by William Chambliss Followed Two