Question 1

According to research on social power and stereotyping, which of the following peo- ple is most likely to use stereotypes?
A) A lab assistant
B) A union laborer
C) A college dean's secretary
D) The president of a major corporation

Accepted Answer

The president of a major corporation is the most likely to use stereotypes because people in positions of power tend to rely more heavily on stereotypes to justify their status and decision-making. Research has shown that the powerful tend to stereotype more than those who lack power.

Question 2

Which of the following explains why powerful people are likely to use stereotypes?
A) Holding negative stereotypes about subordinates allows power holders to justify their higher position.
B) Powerful people are uncomfortable with their social standing and so stereotype others to avoid thinking about it.
C) Powerful people have a greater need to individuate than do lower power people.
D) All of the above explain why powerful people stereotype more than the less powerful.

Accepted Answer

Holding negative stereotypes about subordinates allows power holders to justify their higher position.

Question 3

How can presidents of major corporations ensure their managers do not stereotype their subordinates?
A) Hire only women managers
B) Give large pay raises to all managers as a way to emphasize their social standing
C) Increase the managers' sense of responsibility for their subordinates
D) All of the above will decrease managers' stereotype use

Accepted Answer

Increasing managers' sense of responsibility for their subordinates can help ensure that they do not stereotype them. This can be done through training, mentoring, and creating a culture of inclusivity within the company. Hiring only women managers or giving large pay raises may not necessarily reduce stereotype use and can even perpetuate other forms of discrimination.

Question 4

Cognitive busyness-------------------stereotype activation and-------------------stereo- type application.
A) inhibits; inhibits
B) facilitates; facilitates
C) facilitates; inhibits
D) inhibits; facilitates

Accepted Answer

Cognitive busyness (e.g. being engaged in a demanding cognitive task) can inhibit stereotype activation, but facilitate stereotype application. This means that when people are cognitively busy, they may be less likely to automatically activate stereotypes about other people, but may be more likely to rely on stereotypes when making judgments or decisions because stereotypes provide mental shortcuts and conserves cognitive resources. Therefore, the best choice is D, which states that cognitive busyness inhibits stereotype activation but facilitates stereotype application.

Question 5

Cognitive load (also called cognitive busyness)
A) makes stereotype activation more likely, but has no effect on stereotype application.
B) has no effect on stereotype activation, but makes stereotype application more likely.
C) makes stereotype activation less likely, but makes stereotype application more likely.
D) has no effect on either stereotype activation or application.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive load refers to the amount of mental effort required to process information. According to research, when individuals are under cognitive load, they are less likely to activate stereotypes because this requires additional mental effort. However, once a stereotype has been activated, cognitive load can increase the likelihood of applying that stereotype because it reduces the amount of mental resources available to consciously control biases. Therefore, cognitive load makes stereotype activation less likely but makes stereotype application more likely.

Question 6

Research on the relationship between morning and evening people and stereotype use shows that
A) morning people are more likely to use stereotypes in the morning.
B) evening people are more likely to use stereotypes in the morning.
C) morning and evening people are equally likely to use stereotypes in the morning if they have had a good night's sleep.
D) stereotype use does not depend on people's circadian rhythms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on the relationship between morning and...

Question 7

Which of the following factors limits people's ability to inhibit stereotyping?
A) Alcohol use
B) A strong motivation to control prejudice
C) The availability of individuating information
D) Seeing a person who is not prototypical of their social group

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that alcohol use reduces people's ability to inhibit stereotypes and biases.

Question 8

Mahito finds himself thinking of Germans in stereotypic terms and tries to push those thoughts out of his mind. Mahito is engaging in stereotype
A) threat.
B) rebound.
C) suppression.
D) sublimation.

Accepted Answer

Mahito is trying to suppress his stereotypic thoughts about Germans by pushing them out of his mind.

Question 9

Stereotype suppression is effective only
A) for individuals who are low in prejudice.
B) during the time the person is focusing on pushing the unwanted thought out of mind.
C) when someone is highly motivated to succeed in suppressing the thought.
D) when the person is cognitively busy.

Accepted Answer

Stereotype suppression is only effective during the actual act of suppressing the unwanted thought, and is less successful over time. Choices A, C, and D do not address this key factor.

Question 10

Research on the rebound effect shows that once people stop suppressing a thought they are-------------------about the topic than someone who is not suppressing the thought.
A) less likely to think
B) more likely to think
C) less likely to be in tune with their actual beliefs and feelings
D) more likely to be in tune with their actual beliefs and feelings

Accepted Answer

The rebound effect shows that once people stop suppressing a thought, they are more likely to think about the topic than someone who is not suppressing the thought.

Question 11

Stereotype suppression
A) has cognitive, but not behavioral effects.
B) makes stereotypes come to mind more easily later.
C) decreases an individual's executive function.
D) leads people to attend to individuating information.

Accepted Answer

Suppressing stereotypes can lead to a rebound effect, making them more accessible later.

Question 12

Which of the following has/have been used to explain why stereotypes rebound?
A) The suppression process primes suppressed thoughts, making them more readily available for use.
B) Suppression requires cognitive effort that depletes cognitive resources, allowing the stereotype to break through.
C) Suppressing a stereotype creates a need to use it.
D) All of the above have been used to explain the phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

All three of the options (A, B, and C) have been used to explain why stereotypes rebound.

Question 13

Because stereotype suppression requires cognitive effort,
A) once a stereotype breaks through, it can only rarely be suppressed in the future.
B) the harder people try to suppress a stereotype, the more successful they will be.
C) sometimes the effort to suppress the stereotype fails and the stereotype breaks through.
D) stereotype suppression operates at the unconscious level.

Accepted Answer

Stereotype suppression can require cognitive effort, but it is not always successful. Sometimes the effort to suppress a stereotype fails and the stereotype breaks through. Therefore, option C is correct. Option A is incorrect because while it may be difficult to suppress a stereotype once it has been activated, it is not impossible. Option B is incorrect because the level of effort put into stereotype suppression does not necessarily equate to success. Option D is incorrect because stereotype suppression is a conscious process.

Question 14

According to your text, stereotype suppression can be explained by
A) cognitive factors, such as priming.
B) depletion of self-control resources.
C) a need to use the suppressed stereotype.
D) any of the above.

Accepted Answer

Stereotype suppression can be explained by a variety of factors including cognitive factors like priming, depletion of self-control resources, and sometimes even a paradoxical need to use the suppressed stereotype itself.

Question 15

Stereotype rebound is least likely to occur when
A) people's unconscious processing overrides their conscious processing.
B) the suppressor is high in prejudice.
C) people are able to substitute egalitarian beliefs for stereotypic thoughts.
D) stereotypes are strongly activated.

Accepted Answer

When people are able to substitute egalitarian beliefs for stereotypic thoughts, stereotype rebound is least likely to occur. This is because when individuals consciously replace their stereotypic thoughts with beliefs that emphasize equality, these positive beliefs are more likely to become activated in future encounters, reducing the chance of stereotype rebound.

Question 16

Members of collectivist cultures (such as Japan) exhibit less stereotype rebound than people from individualist cultures (such as Canada). One explanation for this dif- ference is that, compared to people in individualist cultures, people in collectivist cultures
A) are less prejudiced.
B) have more practice in suppressing unwanted thoughts.
C) are more egalitarian.
D) have a larger number of proscribed intergroup prejudices.

Accepted Answer

Members of collectivist cultures are socialized to prioritize the needs and goals of their in-group over their own individual needs and goals. As a result, they may have more practice in regulating and suppressing unwanted thoughts and behaviors that could potentially harm their in-group. This skill may translate to less stereotype rebound compared to people from individualist cultures who may be less practiced in suppressing unwanted thoughts.

Question 17

If a person's behavior is ambiguous, perceivers usually
A) make no judgment about the behavior.
B) interpret the behavior as stereotype inconsistent.
C) interpret the behavior as stereotype consistent.
D) look to others to decide how to interpret the behavior.

Accepted Answer

When faced with ambiguous behavior, perceivers often rely on stereotypes to interpret the behavior, leading them to see the behavior as consistent with their existing stereotypes. This is because stereotypes serve as cognitive shortcuts that help individuals quickly make sense of complex or unclear situations.

Question 18

You are in an experiment that involves a computerized simulation in which you see a person pull an object from his pocket. You are least likely to conclude the object is a gun when
A) you are under pressure to respond quickly.
B) you have been primed with stereotypes about Black people.
C) you have been instructed not to let the person's race affect your judgment.
D) the person depicted is a White police officer.

Accepted Answer

The least likely scenario in which you would conclude the object is a gun is when the person depicted is a White police officer, as societal stereotypes and biases often influence perceptions differently based on race and occupation, potentially reducing the assumption of threat.

Question 19

You are in an experiment that involves a computerized simulation in which you see a person pull an object from his pocket. You are least likely to decide to "shoot" if the person holding the object is a
A) Black person wearing a police uniform.
B) woman wearing an Islamic headdress.
C) White man holding a gun.
D) Black man holding a pair of pliers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are in an experiment that involves...

Question 20

Evan is participating in a study on the shooter bias. He incorrectly identifies the object held by a stimulus person as a gun. He will make the decision to shoot most quickly if the person holding the object is a
A) Black man.
B) Black woman.
C) White man.
D) White woman.

Accepted Answer

Research on shooter bias has consistently shown that participants are more likely to shoot when the target is a Black person compared to a White person, regardless of whether they are holding a gun or a harmless object. This bias has been shown to be more pronounced for Black men compared to Black women, making choice A the best option.

Quiz 4: Stereotype Activation and Application

According to research on social power and stereotyping, which of the following peo- ple is most likely to use stereotypes?

Which of the following explains why powerful people are likely to use stereotypes?

How can presidents of major corporations ensure their managers do not stereotype their subordinates?

Cognitive busyness-------------------stereotype activation and-------------------stereo- type application.

Cognitive load (also called cognitive busyness)

Research on the relationship between morning and evening people and stereotype use shows that

Which of the following factors limits people's ability to inhibit stereotyping?

Mahito finds himself thinking of Germans in stereotypic terms and tries to push those thoughts out of his mind. Mahito is engaging in stereotype

Stereotype suppression is effective only

Research on the rebound effect shows that once people stop suppressing a thought they are-------------------about the topic than someone who is not suppressing the thought.

Stereotype suppression

Which of the following has/have been used to explain why stereotypes rebound?

Because stereotype suppression requires cognitive effort,

According to your text, stereotype suppression can be explained by

Stereotype rebound is least likely to occur when

Members of collectivist cultures (such as Japan) exhibit less stereotype rebound than people from individualist cultures (such as Canada) . One explanation for this dif- ference is that, compared to people in individualist cultures, people in collectivist cultures

If a person's behavior is ambiguous, perceivers usually

You are in an experiment that involves a computerized simulation in which you see a person pull an object from his pocket. You are least likely to conclude the object is a gun when

You are in an experiment that involves a computerized simulation in which you see a person pull an object from his pocket. You are least likely to decide to "shoot" if the person holding the object is a

Evan is participating in a study on the shooter bias. He incorrectly identifies the object held by a stimulus person as a gun. He will make the decision to shoot most quickly if the person holding the object is a