A program was developed to improve the health status of older homeless people. In order to determine if the program was effective, the researcher needs to provide evidence of the three criteria required for causation, which are
A) reliability, validity, and control of extraneous factors
B) satisfaction with the program, covariation, and reliability
C) reliability, validity, and temporal ordering
D) temporal ordering, covariation, and satisfaction with the program
E) temporal ordering, covariation, and control of extraneous factors

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The three criteria required for causation are temporal ordering (the cause must precede the effect), covariation (a change in the cause leads to a change in the effect), and control of extraneous factors (other potential causes must be ruled out).

A Program Was Developed to Improve the Health Status of Older