Based on the research by Sampson and Laub, which of the following statements about the life course trajectory of criminal behavior is true?
A) those who persisted in criminal activity from childhood into adulthood had no sense of choice or agency in their decisions
B) despite exposure to a destabilizing early childhood, certain social controls in adulthood were effective in supporting young men to disengage from criminal activity
C) the social bonds formed through marriage or military service were never adequate to support young men in abandoning their criminal behaviors if they had an early exposure to delinquency and delinquent friends
D) Sampson and Laub found that the trajectory of criminal or non-criminal behavior could be predicted based on knowing the age of the boys' parents at the child's conception

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

According to Sampson and Laub's research, despite exposure to destabilizing early childhood factors, certain social controls in adulthood were effective in supporting young men in disengaging from criminal activity. The formation of social bonds through marriage, military service, and employment were critical in the desistance from criminal behavior. However, the persistence in criminal activity from childhood into adulthood was not solely attributed to a lack of choice or agency in decision making, as multiple factors contribute to an individual's life course trajectory. There is no mention of the age of the boys' parents at the child's conception being a predictive factor in criminal or non-criminal behavior.

Based on the Research by Sampson and Laub, Which of the Following