Strain theory explains that deviance results not simply from the actions of the deviant, but also from the responses of others who define the action as deviant.

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Strain theory argues that deviance occurs when individuals experience a strain between their goals and the means available to achieve them, and that societal reactions to their deviant behavior can ultimately reinforce or discourage future deviance. Therefore, it is not just the actions of the deviant individual, but also society's response to those actions that contribute to the labeling and stigmatization of deviance.

Strain Theory Explains That Deviance Results Not Simply from the Actions