static variables that are constants are usually declared to be public because they typically are provided to allow the client to set preferences for the operations of a class. If you define a static variable for your class that is not a constant, it is best to define it as private and provide accessor and mutator methods, as appropriate, for client access to the static variable.

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Static variables that are constants are often public to allow clients to use them for configuration, while non-constant static variables are kept private to control access and modification through methods.

Static Variables That Are Constants Are Usually Declared to Be