A small pilot study reports consumption of energy drinks are not associated with adverse outcomes in children. However, a larger follow up study correctly reports that energy drinks are associated with death in children under age 5. You know this means:
A) The large study did not have enough power to detect the effect size.
B) The small study was a type I error.
C) The small study may have found the same results if it had a smaller sample.
D) The small study was a type II error.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The small study was likely a type II error, meaning it failed to detect an effect that actually exists, possibly due to its small sample size.

A Small Pilot Study Reports Consumption of Energy Drinks Are