If a person is substantially certain that harm will occur by their actions, they can be held liable for an intentional tort, even if he or she doesn't desire for the harm to occur.

Question

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Intentional tort liability can arise when a person acts with substantial certainty that harm will occur, regardless of their desire for the harm to happen, as the focus is on the certainty of the outcome of their actions, not the desire for harm.

If a Person Is Substantially Certain That Harm Will Occur