Expectancy theory does not hold up well in cultures that value individualism.

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Expectancy theory, which suggests that individuals are motivated to act in ways that they expect will lead to desired outcomes, is generally applicable across cultures, including those that value individualism. In individualistic cultures, the focus on personal goals and outcomes can align well with the principles of expectancy theory, as individuals in these cultures often seek to maximize their own rewards and achievements.

Expectancy Theory Does Not Hold Up Well in Cultures That