Suppose you find a statistically significant relationship between two categorical variables (with no other supporting evidence available).When can such results correctly lead you conclude a cause and effect relationship?
A)Never.
B)Only when the data were from a randomized experiment.
C)Only when the data were from a random sample.
D)Always; a statistically significant relationship wouldn't be significant unless there is a cause and effect relationship.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

In order to establish a cause and effect relationship, we need to control for confounding variables, which is best accomplished through a randomized experiment. In other words, we need to randomly assign individuals to different levels of the categorical variable being studied, and control for other factors that could be influencing the relationship. A statistically significant relationship between two categorical variables in observational data cannot establish causality by itself, as there is always a possibility of confounding factors that could be driving the observed relationship.

Suppose You Find a Statistically Significant Relationship Between Two Categorical