The Growth of Labor Unions and the Implementation of Better

The growth of labor unions and the implementation of better working conditions in England owed a debt of gratitude to which of the following?

A) The threat of Marxism that made Parliament amend laws and individual businessmen show more concern for their workers.
B) The example set by labor unions and industrial managerial practices known to be in place in the United States.
C) The urbanization and education of more people in various countries, of which England wanted to prove itself most liberal.
D) Those individuals who, risking their jobs and in some cases their lives, were willing to work toward gaining legal acceptance of labor unions.
E) The Chartist movement in England, which who initiate long-term change both in and outside of Parliament.