Which of the Following Uses a Quasi-Experimental Design

Which of the following uses a quasi-experimental design?

A) A researcher compares the effects of caffeine on sleep by assigning subjects randomly into one of 3 treatment groups (5, 10 or 20 mg. doses of caffeine) and recording EEGs of each subject
Throughout the night.
B) To see whether the effectiveness of a new method of reading instruction is different for bilingual children vs. children who speak only English, 40 Bilingual and 40 English-Speaking children are
Taught using the bilingual method for one semester and reading scores for the 2 groups are
Compared.
C) A clinical psychologist tests the relative effectiveness of two forms of therapy for treatment of panic attacks by recruiting 20 people diagnosed with panic attacks and treating half with one form
Of therapy and half with the other form of therapy for the same amount of time.
D) In a study of picture memory, 40 subjects are shown 1000 photographs under standard viewing conditions and recognition of the pictures is tested 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks later.