Between?subjects designs tend to produce data that are more variable than data obtained from within-subjects designs.

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Between-subjects designs involve comparing different groups of participants, each group experiencing a different condition. This naturally introduces more variability into the data due to individual differences among participants across groups. In contrast, within-subjects designs have the same participants experience all conditions, which controls for individual differences and typically results in less variability in the data.

Between?subjects Designs Tend to Produce Data That Are More Variable