A placebo effect makes it difficult to draw cause and effect conclusions because we cannot tell whether
A)it is the treatment or the researcher's behaviors that are responsible for the results
B)it is the treatment or the participant's expectations that are responsible for the results
C)random sampling or random assignment is appropriate for the study
D)it is the independent variable or the dependent variable that are responsible for the results
E)the variables were operationally defined

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The placebo effect occurs when participants' expectations about the treatment lead to perceived or actual improvements in their condition, making it difficult to determine if the treatment itself or the participants' expectations caused the observed effects.

A Placebo Effect Makes It Difficult to Draw Cause and Effect