The p-value measures the probability that, if the null hypothesis is true, we would randomly produce a sample result at least as unlikely as the sample result that we actually produced.

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The p-value is a measure used in statistical hypothesis testing to quantify the evidence against the null hypothesis. It represents the probability of observing a test statistic at least as extreme as the one observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true.

The P-Value Measures the Probability That, If the Null Hypothesis