The effective nuclear charge for an atom is less than the actual nuclear charge due to
A)shielding.
B)penetration.
C)paramagnetism.
D)electron-pair repulsion.
E)relativity.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Shielding is the phenomenon where electrons in outer energy levels of an atom are partially shielded from the full nuclear charge by electrons in inner energy levels. This results in a decreased effective nuclear charge experienced by the outer electrons.

The Effective Nuclear Charge for an Atom Is Less Than