When ions are moved across the cell membrane,
A) a concentration gradient may be established.
B) an electrical gradient may be established.
C) an osmotic gradient may be established.
D) both A and B occur.
E) all of the above may occur.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Moving ions across the cell membrane can establish concentration, electrical, and osmotic gradients, as ions affect solute concentration, charge distribution, and water movement.

When Ions Are Moved Across the Cell Membrane