If we can establish that variable X comes before variable Q in time, then we can definitely say:
A) variable X is a cause of variable Q.
B) variable Q is not a cause of variable X.
C) variable Q is a cause of variable X.
D) variable X is not a cause of variable Q.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Temporal precedence (X coming before Q in time) is a necessary but not sufficient condition for causality. It allows us to rule out Q causing X because cause must precede effect, but it does not establish that X causes Q.

If We Can Establish That Variable X Comes Before Variable