Independent variables can
A) contrast the presence versus the absence of some variable.
B) contrast "high" versus "low" amounts of some variable.
C) be measured rather than manipulated in an ex post facto design.
D) All of the above.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Independent variables can be manipulated to contrast different levels or presence/absence of a variable, and in ex post facto designs, they are measured rather than manipulated.

Independent Variables Can