Which One of the Following Is the Best Example of Encoding

Which one of the following is the best example of encoding while learning state capitals?

A) Abe tries to learn that Richmond is the capital of Virginia by visualizing rich men (because it sounds like "Richmond") standing on a map of Virginia.
B) Bernice tries to learn that St. Paul is the capital of Minnesota by repeating "St. Paul,Minnesota" many times in rapid succession.
C) Corey tries to learn that Austin is the capital of Texas by making sure he is relaxed before he studies this information.
D) Darcy tries to learn that Sacramento is the capital of California by having a tape recorder play "Sacramento,California," over and over while she sleeps.