Which of the following is NOT a circumstance in which it is reasonable to draw conclusions about time order based on cross-sectional data?
A)The independent variable is fixed at some point prior to the variation in the dependent variable.
B)Respondents can give reliable reports of what happened to them or what they thought at some earlier point in time.
C)When events in the past are unrelated to the measurement of the dependent variable.
D)Measures are based on records that contain information on cases in earlier periods.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Drawing conclusions about time order based on cross-sectional data is only reasonable if the events in the past are related to the measurement of the dependent variable. If the events in the past are unrelated to the dependent variable, it is not appropriate to infer time order based on cross-sectional data. Options A, B, and D are all circumstances in which it is reasonable to draw conclusions about time order based on cross-sectional data.

Which of the Following Is NOT a Circumstance in Which