Contractual alliances include all of the following except:
A)Licensing/franchising.
B)Research and development (R&D) contracts.
C) Cross-shareholding.
D) Turnkey projects.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

All of the other options listed (licensing/franchising, R&D contracts, and turnkey projects) are forms of contractual alliances where two or more parties enter into a legally binding agreement to work together in some capacity. Cross-shareholding, on the other hand, refers to a situation where two companies each buy a significant amount of shares in the other's company, creating a mutual ownership relationship. While cross-shareholding may indicate a friendly relationship or a desire to cooperate, it is not a contractual alliance in the same sense as the other options listed.

Contractual Alliances Include All of the Following Except