Which of the Following Primarily Depends Upon Empirical Reasoning

Which of the following primarily depends upon empirical reasoning?

A) Discovering the extent to which a star's gravity can warp light from a pulsar.
B) Randolph knows that John Glenn was a senator. John Glenn was an astronaut. Therefore Randolph knows that John Glenn was an astronaut.
C) The animal rights activists defended themselves by saying: "We did not steal any animals from the lab. We rescued those monkeys because they were the helpless victims of torture."
D) Everyone loves ice cream. So don't try to tell me that Louis doesn't want to eat his ice cream.