Common pulmonary function abnormalities in individuals with moderate obstructive pulmonary disease include: A)Normal forced expiratory volume in 1 minute (FEV₁),normal expiratory flow rates,normal ratio of residual volume (RV)to total lung capacity (TLC) B)Increased FEV₁,increased expiratory flow rates,increased RV/TLC ratio C)Decreased FEV₁,decreased expiratory flow rates,increased RV/TLC ratio D)Decreased FEV₁,decreased expiratory flow rates,decreased RV/TLC ratio E)Decreased FEV₁,normal expiratory flow rates,increased RV/TLC ratio

Question

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Individuals with moderate obstructive pulmonary disease typically have decreased FEV1, decreased expiratory flow rates, and an increased RV/TLC ratio due to air trapping in the lungs. Option A and B describe normal or increased values, which are not typically seen in individuals with moderate obstructive pulmonary disease. Option D describes a decreased RV/TLC ratio, which would be more consistent with restrictive lung disease. Option E describes a decreased FEV1 but normal expiratory flow rates, which is not typical of obstructive pulmonary disease.

Common Pulmonary Function Abnormalities in Individuals with Moderate Obstructive Pulmonary