Deck 20: Structure and Function of the Respiratory System

Question 1

A 4-year-old child accidentally aspirates a small marble with a diameter of 0.8 mm.Where in the lung is the toy most likely to be found?

A)Bronchus
B)Trachea
C)Bronchioles
D)Alveolus

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A 25-year-old woman with asthma is brought to the emergency department because of an acute asthmatic attack.She is using her sternocleidomastoid and internal/external intercostal muscles to breathe.This can be interpreted as:

A)Improved status; no intervention needed
B)Worsening status; intervention needed
C)Normal breathing pattern; no intervention needed
D)Bronchodilation of the airways

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A 65-year-old woman with a smoking history of 2 packs/day for 30 years has received a diagnosis of chronic obstructive lung disease.She probably has increased mucus viscosity as a result of:

A)Bronchoconstriction.
B)Stimulation of parasympathetic fibers in bronchial glands.
C)Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves.
D)Abnormal breathing pattern.
E)Stimulation of smooth muscles

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A baby born at 30 weeks of gestation who develops respiratory distress characterized by atelectasis (collapse of the lung)probably suffers from a physiological defect in:

A)Production of surfactant component phosphatidylglycerol.
B)Lack of surfactant components cholesterol and cholesterol esters.
C)Diaphragmatic movement.
D)Surfactant proteins.
E)Clara cell dysfunction.

Question 5

A 65-year-old woman with a smoking history of 2 packs/day for 30 years has received a diagnosis of chronic obstructive lung disease.She is obviously using her accessory respiratory muscles for breathing; this behavior is caused by:

A)Decreased work of breathing as a result of airflow obstruction.
B)Increased work of breathing as a result of a dysfunction in the neuromuscular junction.
C)Increased work of breathing as a result of airflow obstruction that necessitates active contraction of the expiratory muscles.
D)Abnormal breathing pattern.
E)Increased work of breathing as a result of airflow obstruction that necessitates active contraction of the inspiratory muscles.

Question 6

Surfactant aids in stabilizing the inflation of alveoli through its ability to decrease surface tension.What best describes the mechanism of interdependence,created by the pores of Kohn and canals of Lambert,which is also important in alveolar inflation?

A)Connection of adjacent alveoli and terminal airways to adjacent alveoli
B)Connection of nonrespiratory bronchioles to alveoli
C)Connection of nonrespiratory bronchioles to respiratory bronchioles
D)Connection of adjacent respiratory bronchioles

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct proximal-to-distal alignment of the human airway?

A)Trachea $\rightarrow$ bronchi $\rightarrow$ respiratory bronchioles $\rightarrow$ nonrespiratory bronchioles $\rightarrow$ terminal bronchioles $\rightarrow$ alveolar ducts $\rightarrow$ alveolar sacs
B)Trachea $\rightarrow$ bronchi $\rightarrow$ alveolar ducts $\rightarrow$ alveolar sacs $\rightarrow$ bronchioles $\rightarrow$ terminal bronchioles
C)Trachea $\rightarrow$ bronchi $\rightarrow$ nonrespiratory bronchioles $\rightarrow$ terminal bronchioles $\rightarrow$ alveolar sacs $\rightarrow$ alveolar ducts
D)Trachea $\rightarrow$ bronchi $\rightarrow$ nonrespiratory bronchioles $\rightarrow$ respiratory bronchioles $\rightarrow$ terminal bronchioles $\rightarrow$ alveolar ducts $\rightarrow$ alveolar sacs

Question 8

Like the kidneys,the lungs demonstrate functional unity; that is,each unit is structurally and functionally identical.The basic physiological unit of the lung is the respiratory unit,which consists of:

A)Nonrespiratory and respiratory bronchioles,alveolar ducts,and alveolar sacs.
B)Respiratory bronchioles,alveolar ducts,and alveolar sacs.
C)Bronchi,nonrespiratory bronchioles,and respiratory bronchioles.
D)Conducting airways,alveolar ducts,and alveolar sacs.

Question 9

Which statement best describes the unique features of the pulmonary circulatory system?

A)It is a dual system that accommodates large volumes of blood at low pressure.Bronchial circulation arises from the aorta to nourish lung tissue,whereas the pulmonary circulation brings deoxygenated blood to the gas-exchanging units.
B)It is a dual system that accommodates large volumes of blood at high pressure.Bronchial circulation arises from the aorta to nourish lung tissue,whereas the pulmonary circulation brings deoxygenated blood to the gas-exchanging units.
C)It is a dual system that accommodates steady,small volumes of blood at low pressure.Bronchial circulation arises from the aorta to nourish lung tissue,whereas the pulmonary circulation brings deoxygenated blood to the gas-exchanging units.
D)It is a dual system that accommodates large volumes of blood at low pressure.Bronchial circulation arises from the right ventricle to nourish lung tissue,whereas the pulmonary circulation brings deoxygenated blood to the gas-exchanging units.

Question 10

Which respiratory epithelial cell (1)is at maturation essential for survival of premature infants,(2)produces surfactant,(3)differentiates to establish normal cellular architecture during development and repair,and (4)normally occupies <5% of the luminal surface area after birth?

A)Clara cell
B)Type I epithelial cell
C)Type II epithelial cell
D)Goblet cell
E)Kultschitzky cell