Deck 3: Tools for Exploring the World

Question 1

Jill's baby is awake and is squirming around, oblivious to anything happening around her. What state is Jill's baby most likely in?

A) the alert inactivity state
B) the crying state
C) the waking activity state
D) the REM state

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Baby Julie's toes fan out when her daddy touches the sole of her foot, stroking it from heel to toe. What is the name for this newborn reflex?

A) Babinski reflex
B) rooting reflex
C) Moro reflex
D) parachute reflex

Answer 2

A

Question 3

When baby Jared is crying, his parents comfort him using a method used by Native Americans. This provides comfort to Jared, and it soothes him so that he will stop crying. What useful technique do Jared's parents employ?

A) swaddling Jared in a blanket
B) singing lullabies
C) going for a drive
D) giving Jared a pacifier

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Your friend is worried that her newborn may be vulnerable to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). After reading the textbook, which would be the best recommendation to give her?

A) "Make sure your baby is extra warm in the winter months."
B) "Have your baby sleep on her back."
C) "Be sure to tightly wrap your baby in blankets at bedtime."
D) "Don't feed your baby before bedtime."

Question 5

Which of these is an example of a newborn reflex?

A) crying
B) laughing
C) rooting
D) rolling

Question 6

What differentiates pain cries from basic or angry cries?

A) their intensity
B) their sudden onset
C) their time of occurrence
D) their relationship to REM

Question 7

Maria is a typical, healthy one-year-old who weighs 11 kilograms (24 pounds). Which is the best estimate of her birth weight?

A) 1.8 kilograms (4 pounds)
B) 3.6 kilograms (8 pounds)
C) 5.4 kilograms (12 pounds)
D) 7.3 kilograms (16 pounds)

Question 8

What differentiates a basic cry from a mad cry?

A) Mad cries are more intense.
B) Basic cries are more intense.
C) Mad cries have a more sudden onset.
D) Basic cries have a more sudden onset.

Question 9

Two-month-old Chuck does not exhibit the Moro reflex. What kind of problem is he most likely to exhibit?

A) He will be less able to grasp objects.
B) He will be less able to eat.
C) He will be less able to cling to his mother.
D) His eyes will not be well protected.

Question 10

Two-month-old Joanne is lying quietly with her eyes wide open and appears very interested in a toy dangling in front of her face. What is Joanne exhibiting?

A) alert inactivity
B) curiosity
C) waking activity
D) non-REM sleep

Question 11

Who is at greatest risk of falling victim to sudden infant death syndrome?

A) Tina, who is 3 months old
B) Leslie, who is 13 months old
C) Bridget, who is 2 years old
D) Jon, who is 5 years old

Question 12

Which of the following is an aspect of regular (non-REM) sleep?

A) irregular breathing
B) twitching
C) steady brain activity
D) grimacing

Question 13

If Carly is a healthy newborn, how much time will she typically spend crying or on the verge of crying?

A) an hour or less
B) 2-3 hours
C) 4-5 hours
D) more than 5 hours

Question 14

Of all the behavioural states, in which state do newborns spend the most time each day?

A) in the waking activity state
B) in the sleeping state
C) in the crying state
D) in the alert inactivity state

Question 15

Newborn Nate is hungry. If he is typical of most newborns, what will Nate exhibit in order to communicate this hunger?

A) waking activity
B) mad crying
C) basic crying
D) pain crying

Question 16

Which of the following is an Apgar parameter?

A) facial features
B) weight
C) length
D) muscle tone

Question 17

If Harry is a typical newborn, how much of his sleep time will be spent in irregular (REM) sleep?

A) 2 hours
B) 4 hours
C) 8 hours
D) 12 hours

Question 18

Donnie slipped his little finger into the hand of his newborn infant, who immediately grasped onto it. Which reflex was the infant exhibiting?

A) the Moro reflex
B) the stepping reflex
C) the rooting reflex
D) the palmar reflex

Question 19

Bobby and Louisa are very concerned about baby Jackie because she does not seem to exhibit the withdrawal reflex. Which nerve could potentially have been damaged in baby Jackie?

A) sciatic nerve
B) ulnar nerve
C) thoracic nerve
D) tibial nerve

Question 20

Katy is two months old, and her parents are exhausted. They take turns taking care of Katy while she is awake and they sleep while Katy sleeps. How often does Katy go through a complete sleep-wake cycle?

A) once every 2 hours
B) once every 4 hours
C) once every 6 hours
D) once every 8 hours

Question 21

What part of a neuron contains the material necessary to keep it alive?

A) the axon
B) the cell body
C) the dendrite
D) the corpus callosum

Question 22

Which route most accurately depicts the flow of information from one neuron to another?

A) axon (Neuron 1) to dendrite (Neuron 2) to cell body (Neuron 3)
B) dendrite (Neuron 1) to axon (Neuron 2) to cell body (Neuron 3)
C) cell body (Neuron 1) to dendrite (Neuron 2) to axon (Neuron 3)
D) dendrite (Neuron 1) to dendrite (Neuron 2) to cell body (Neuron 3)

Question 23

Which of the following phrases would best complete the analogy, "Transmitter is to receiver as"?

A) dendrite is to cell body
B) axon is to dendrite
C) dendrite is to axon
D) cell body is to axon

Question 24

What type of brain cells form the basis of all thought and behaviour?

A) autosomes
B) erythrocytes
C) alleles
D) neurons

Question 25

Two-month-old Ben requires a great deal of energy for growth. Approximately what percentage of the body's energy is devoted to growth at Ben's age?

A) 30
B) 40
C) 50
D) 60

Question 26

Which nutrient is naturally missing from breast milk and needs to be supplemented in a breast-fed baby's diet?

A) vitamin C
B) folate
C) vitamin D
D) calcium

Question 27

When does malnutrition seem to be most damaging?

A) during adulthood
B) during childhood
C) during adolescence
D) during infancy

Question 28

Sandra has decided to breastfeed her infant. For what length of time does Sandra's doctor recommend that Sandra exclusively breastfeed her child?

A) 3 months
B) 6 months
C) 9 months
D) 1 year

Question 29

Yvette is a malnourished child. If her parents are typical, how will they most likely react?

A) They will probably become upset with Yvette's hyperactivity.
B) They will probably interact less with Yvette because she is so lethargic.
C) They will probably take more responsibility for making sure Yvette grows socially and psychologically.
D) They will probably stop trying to feed Yvette.

Question 30

Which part of an infant's body grows first?

A) the head
B) the feet
C) the legs
D) the hips

Question 31

Which child is most likely to be the tallest?

A) Kristin, who has a tall father and a short mother
B) Megan, who has a short father and a tall mother
C) Kara, who has a tall mother and a tall father
D) Morgan who has three out of four tall grandparents.

Question 32

As a result of surgery, Graeme's left and right cerebral hemispheres are no longer connected. Which part of Graeme's brain was most likely the focus of the surgery?

A) the cerebral cortex
B) the dendrites
C) the frontal cortex
D) the corpus callosum

Question 33

Baby Justin is old enough to start consuming solid foods. What is the first food that is recommended for 6- to 9-month old children like Justin?

A) iron-fortified rice cereal
B) whole milk
C) egg yolks
D) mashed bananas

Question 34

Ronnie is trying new foods and loves to experiment with new shapes, textures, and tastes. But his mom, Pam, is confused because Ronnie says that squash, a food he loved as an infant, is now "yucky." At what approximate age is Ronnie?

A) 1 year
B) 18 months
C) 2 years
D) 2 1/2 years

Question 35

What do we call chemicals that carry information from one neuron to another?

A) axons
B) neurotransmitters
C) terminal buttons
D) dendrites

Question 36

Sixteen-year-old Marshall was severely malnourished as an infant. Compared to his peers who were not malnourished as infants, how is Marshall most likely to differ?

A) He is more likely to weigh less.
B) He is more likely to be shorter.
C) He is more likely to be introverted and shy.
D) He is more likely to be less intelligent.

Question 37

Which technique is recommended for making finicky eaters more open-minded about the food they eat?

A) Insist that children clean their plates.
B) Talk about the correct way to eat during meals.
C) Use food to reward good behaviour.
D) Allow children to pick from among healthy foods.

Question 38

Lisa is recovering from a serious accident that damaged her frontal cortex. Which outcome is most likely?

A) Lisa's left hemisphere will no longer be able to communicate with her right hemisphere.
B) Lisa will have a difficult time breathing and seeing.
C) Lisa's personality will be different.
D) Lisa will have no more axons.

Question 39

Sarah is informed that both of her 1-year-old twin daughters are of "normal" weight. She is then informed that one weighs 7.3 kilograms (16 pounds) and the other weighs 11.8 kilograms (26 pounds). How is this possible?

A) One of the twins likely has Down syndrome.
B) The daughters were likely weighed incorrectly.
C) The "normal" weight range for a 1-year-old is very wide.
D) The initial "normal" information was incorrect.

Question 40

On which part of a neuron are terminal buttons located?

A) the dendrite
B) the cell body
C) the neurotransmitter
D) the axon

Question 41

Vernon has been in a playground accident and appears to be unable to speak. What is the most likely location of the damage?

A) his frontal cortex
B) his right hemisphere
C) his left hemisphere
D) his occipital lobe

Question 42

Bradley is deciding which food to eat first, and how to eat it in an appropriate fashion. Which structure is responsible for these processes?

A) his frontal cortex
B) his corpus callosum
C) his left hemisphere
D) his neural plate

Question 43

What is synaptic pruning?

A) the facilitation of neuronal activity
B) the downsizing of neuronal connections
C) the measurement of neuronal activity in the brain
D) the structures that connect the two hemispheres of the brain

Question 44

Blaine deals with people who have suffered some sort of brain damage, helping them try to use different areas of the brain that perform functions that were previously performed by the areas that are now damaged. What is Blaine's specialty?

A) neuroplasticity
B) synaptic pruning
C) neural plate studies
D) motor skills

Question 45

If you were to remove the top of an adult's skull, what is the first brain tissue that you would see?

A) the cerebral cortex
B) the brain stem
C) the neural plate
D) the hippocampus

Question 46

Kim is excellent at walking, running, climbing, and kicking balls. What does this information suggest about Kim?

A) She has good neuroplasticity.
B) She has good motor skills.
C) She has good temperament.
D) She has good sociability.

Question 47

Dylan has reached the approximate age at which most children can step spontaneously. How old is Dylan?

A) 6 months old
B) 7 months old
C) 8 months old
D) 10 months old

Question 48

What do we call the fatty substance that surrounds a neuron and allows it to transmit information more rapidly?

A) the corpus callosum
B) the neural plate
C) synaptic fluid
D) myelin

Question 49

During an experiment, you are recording brain activity of a child using an EEG. When would the left hemisphere exhibit the most electrical activity?

A) when the child is looking at different faces
B) when the child is listening to someone talk
C) when the child is recognizing that her mother is angry
D) when the child is pushing a toy over her bed

Question 50

At birth, Blythe's brain weighs 1 kilogram (2 pounds). By the time Blythe is an adult, what will her brain most likely weigh?

A) 1.4 kilograms (3 pounds)
B) 1.8 kilograms (4 pounds)
C) 2.0 kilograms (4.4 pounds)
D) 2.4 kilograms (5.3 pounds)

Question 51

What would a researcher who is a proponent of dynamic systems theory be most interested in studying?

A) the cerebral cortex
B) crawling and stepping
C) language development
D) temperament

Question 52

Gina is studying how blood flows through the brain when people listen to different kinds of music. Which sort of research tool is she most likely using in her study?

A) an electroencephalogram
B) positron emission tomography
C) functional magnetic resonance imaging
D) synaptic pruning

Question 53

George is having a test in which his brain's electrical activity is being measured by the wearing of electrodes that are placed on George's scalp. What is the name of this test?

A) electroencephalography
B) fMRI
C) x-ray
D) ultrasound

Question 54

Which of the following is the best example of a fine motor skill?

A) crawling
B) feeding yourself with a spoon
C) running in a race
D) climbing to the top of a large hill

Question 55

While viewing a picture of a three-week-old embryo, Dr. Payne points to something and says, "This structure will soon become a tube from which the brain and spinal cord will develop." What is Dr. Payne pointing at?

A) the neural plate
B) the corpus callosum
C) the frontal cortex
D) an axon

Question 56

What part of the brain holds the two hemispheres together?

A) the corpus callosum
B) the frontal cortex
C) the left hemisphere
D) the right hemisphere

Question 57

Parker is a typical seven-month-old. In terms of locomotion, what is the most advanced activity he is able to do?

A) creeping
B) walking
C) sitting alone
D) rolling from back to front

Question 58

Twelve-month old Callum is barely able to walk a few steps before losing his balance and falling down. What term refers to Callum's current ability to move around?

A) neuroplasticity
B) fine motor skills
C) differentiation
D) toddling

Question 59

Anna, who has not seen her nephew John since he was born, is surprised to see the 12-month-old standing upright and taking a few steps. In view of this accomplishment, how would we now categorize John?

A) a neonate
B) an infant
C) a toddler
D) a preschooler

Question 60

Baby Doreen accidently rolled off the sofa onto the floor, and she sustained damage to the frontal cortex of her brain. As a result, what damage will baby Doreen have sustained to her brain?

A) difficulty in language processing
B) delayed motor skills
C) abnormal emotional responses
D) impaired cognitive skills

Question 61

How would you respond to a telephone operator who claims that her 8-month-old fetus gets excited every time she says, "What city please?"

A) "You may be correct since by that age the fetus may actually be hearing your voice."
B) "It is likely gas since fetuses can't hear until they are out of the womb."
C) "If what you say is true, you are likely carrying a female since they develop a sense of hearing before males."
D) "Since fetuses have no memory, there is no way they would only respond to a specific phrase."

Question 62

Nina is beginning to show a preference for her right hand in most all activities. How old is Nina most likely to be?

A) 3 months old
B) 9 months old
C) 1 year old
D) 9 years old

Question 63

Dr. Moreau is planning a demonstration on infant visual perception for her Developmental Psychology class. In order to demonstrate the sharpness of an infant's vision at 6.1 metres (20 feet), Dr. Moreau should have students look at an object about how far away?

A) 91 metres (300 feet)
B) 46 metres (150 feet)
C) 15 metres (50 feet)
D) 6.1 metres (20 feet)

Question 64

What is one of the valuable functions of smell and taste in newborns?

A) These functions allow newborns to recognize their mothers.
B) These functions allow newborns to keep their balance.
C) These functions allow newborns to further develop their other senses.
D) These functions allow newborns to develop food preferences.

Question 65

Pam and Harold marvel at their infant daughter Taylor's development. She is able to hold her stuffed piglet in one hand and pet it with the other. At what approximate age is baby Taylor?

A) 3-4 months
B) 5-6 months
C) 7-8 months
D) 9-10 months

Question 66

Tomomi has mastered balancing, stepping, and the perceptual skills necessary to negotiate her way around. What do we call the process of putting all these skills together to enable her to walk?

A) integration
B) differentiation
C) coordination
D) perception

Question 67

Akosua loves to eat her macaroni and green beans with her fingers now. At what age is a child, such as Akosua, able to accomplish this task?

A) 3 months
B) 5 months
C) 6 months
D) 8 months

Question 68

When an infant is exposed to a painful stimulant, what happens?

A) He or she cannot experience pain.
B) He or she doesn't react to pain inducing stimuli.
C) He or she produces a distinct "pain cry."
D) He or she is much more sensitive to pain than teenagers.

Question 69

Cheryl offers her 10-day-old daughter, Sara, a taste of some pop she is drinking. Sara makes a terrible face when she tastes the pop. What does her response most likely indicate about the pop?

A) It is cold.
B) It is sweet.
C) It is sour.
D) It is fruity.

Question 70

Dr. Quillan is measuring the point at which an infant can no longer differentiate between a striped-patterned stimulus and a grey square. What is Dr. Quillan most likely attempting to measure?

A) the infant's depth perception
B) the infant's retinal disparity
C) the infant's visual acuity
D) the infant's ability to perceive different shapes

Question 71

Andrew notices his 1-month-old daughter, Rose, looking at a large photograph of the earth and asks himself, "I wonder what part of the picture she looked at first?" What did Rose most likely look at first?

A) the brown and green land masses
B) the outer edge of the picture
C) the blue water
D) the exact centre of the picture

Question 72

What evidence do researchers have that young infants use sound to locate objects?

A) When they hear a sound, they may startle, blink their eyes, or move their limbs.
B) When they hear a sound, they turn so that their ear is in the general direction of the sound.
C) When they hear a sound, they look at the nearest adult and see where they are looking.
D) When they hear a sound, they may startle, blink the eyes, or move their arms and legs.

Question 73

How would you describe a newborn's sense of smell?

A) highly developed
B) crude but effective
C) existent, but not very useful
D) nonexistent

Question 74

Approximately what percentage of the world's population is right-handed?

A) 90%
B) 80%
C) 70%
D) 60%

Question 75

What do we call the way people organize and make sense out of the sensory information they receive?

A) perception
B) integration
C) differentiation
D) sensory acuity

Question 76

Which innate preference is used to help researchers assess infants' visual abilities?

A) a preference for coloured objects over black-and-white objects
B) a preference for angled objects over round objects
C) a preference for striped objects over plain objects
D) a preference for stationary objects over moving objects

Question 77

By what age are young humans able to respond to much of the information that is provided by sound?

A) 6 weeks
B) 6 months
C) 2 years
D) 6 years

Question 78

In order to be able to walk, Loretta must first master certain individual skills, like being able to balance herself. What do we call this capacity?

A) gross motor skill development
B) integration
C) differentiation
D) fine motor skill development

Question 79

Infant Jacob is a patient in a neonatal care unit. One method of Jacob's care involves skin-to-skin contact with his parents, while being covered with a blanket for 1-3 hours at a time, as touching will benefit Jacob. What is the term used to describe this technique?

A) parental care
B) kangaroo care
C) penguin care
D) neonatal warmth care

Question 80

In traditional eye tests, a person is shown a chart with a set of letters in a line that get progressively smaller near the bottom of the chart. What do such tests directly assess?

A) visual acuity
B) depth perception
C) retinal strength
D) field of vision