Deck 8: Foundations of Group Behaviour

Question 1

People maintain a single identity throughout their lives.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

________ groups are defined by the organisation's structure.

A)Informal
B)Friendship
C)Interest
D)Formal

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Informal groups:

A)are defined by the organisation structure
B)should be formed outside working hours
C)are detrimental in the workplace
D)appear in response to the need for social contact

Answer 3

D

Question 4

People are able to switch their identities when the situation calls for it.

Question 5

Probably the biggest downside is that social identities encourage in-group favouritism.

Question 6

Three employees from different departments who regularly eat lunch together are an example of a(n)________ group.

A)formal
B)informal
C)task
D)command

Question 7

Differentiate between formal and informal groups.

Question 8

The stages of group development are:

A)introduction,high productivity,decline
B)forming,storming,norming,performing,adjourning
C)initiation,evolution,maturation,decline
D)idea generation,implementation,termination

Question 9

A group must have at least two members and one or more objectives.

Question 10

When two people bond because they feel they are different to other members of the group,these people are likely to be responding to which characteristic of social identity theory?

A)similarity
B)distinctiveness
C)status
D)Uncertainty reduction

Question 11

A person is more likely to claim their affiliation with a university if it is a well-regarded university.This is an example of which characteristic of social identity theory?

A)similarity
B)distinctiveness
C)status
D)Uncertainty reduction

Question 12

Formal groups have natural formations.

Question 13

Which is not one of the stages in the five-stage group development model?

A)norming
B)storming
C)worming
D)forming

Question 14

Which one of the following characteristics is not part of a definition of a group?

A)interdependent
B)organisationally assigned goals
C)interacting
D)two or more members

Question 15

Which of the following is not a characteristic that makes social identity important to a person?

A)similarity
B)distinctiveness
C)uncertainty reduction
D)age

Question 16

Social identities help us understand who we are and where we fit in with other people.

Question 17

Social identity theory proposes that people have emotional reactions to the failure or success of their group because their self-esteem is tied into the performance of the group.

Question 18

What is social identity theory and how does it work?

Question 19

The types of interactions among individuals,even though informal,deeply affect their behaviour and performance.

Question 20

Members in a group are interdependent.

Question 21

According to the punctuated equilibrium model,all of the following are true about groups except:

A)a transition takes place at the end of the first phase which occurs exactly when the group has used up one third of its allotted time
B)the group's last meeting is characterised by markedly accelerated activity
C)the first phase of group activity is one of inertia
D)the first meeting sets the group's direction

Question 22

Most conflicts are resolved by the completion of the first stage in a group's development.

Question 23

When the group energy is focused on the task at hand,the group has moved to the:

A)norming stage
B)storming stage
C)adjourning stage
D)performing stage

Question 24

In the punctuated equilibrium model,the group's direction is re-examined frequently in the first half of the group's life and is likely to be altered.

Question 25

After which stage of a group's development is there a relatively clear hierarchy of leadership within the group?

A)forming
B)performing
C)storming
D)norming

Question 26

List and briefly describe the stages in the five-stage model of group development.

Question 27

Temporary groups with deadlines follow the ________ model.

A)five-stage group development
B)sociometry
C)punctuated equilibrium
D)cluster variance

Question 28

The punctuated equilibrium model characterises groups as exhibiting long periods of inertia interspersed with brief revolutionary changes triggered primarily by members' awareness of time and deadlines.

Question 29

The norming stage of group development is characterised by camaraderie.

Question 30

The stage in group development which is characterised by uncertainty is:

A)norming
B)storming
C)performing
D)forming

Question 31

Temporary groups with task specific deadlines follow the five-stage model of group development.

Question 32

Which is the stage of group development characterised by close relationships and cohesiveness?

A)norming
B)bonding
C)storming
D)performing

Question 33

In the second stage of group development:

A)the job task is performed
B)close relationships are developed
C)intragroup conflict often occurs
D)the group demonstrates cohesiveness

Question 34

After which stage of a group's development has the group formed a common set of expectations of member behaviours?

A)norming
B)performing
C)forming
D)storming

Question 35

For permanent work groups,performance is the last stage in their development.

Question 36

According to the punctuated equilibrium model,groups tend to experience ________ about halfway between the first meeting and the official deadline.

A)reinforcement of the initial fixed course
B)inertia
C)"mid-life crisis"
D)stagnation

Question 37

What is the punctuated equilibrium model?

Question 38

The five-stage model of group development sees groups progressing through the five stages at different rates.

Question 39

The stages of group development must occur sequentially and will never occur simultaneously.

Question 40

Under some conditions,high levels of conflict are conducive to high group performance.

Question 41

One's view of how one is supposed to act in a given situation is a role perception.

Question 42

Which is not a common class of norms appearing in most work groups?

A)termination
B)appearance
C)social arrangements
D)performance

Question 43

We can be counted to select roles in our lives that are in harmony with one another.

Question 44

Differentiate the terms role perception,role expectations and role conflict.

Question 45

A ________ is a set of expected behaviour patterns associated with a particular position in a social unit.

A)norm
B)stereotype
C)role
D)status hierarchy

Question 46

Compare and contrast the five-stage model for group development with the punctuated equilibrium model.

Question 47

Which of the following does not describe a psychological contract?

A)It is an unwritten agreement that exists between employees and employer.
B)It addresses status issues in an organisation.
C)It sets out mutual expectations between management and workers.
D)It defines the behavioural expectations that go with every role.

Question 48

The psychological contract defines behavioural expectations that go with every role.

Question 49

Explain the psychological contract.

Question 50

When a person faces different and sometime contradictory roles they are experiencing role perception.

Question 51

All group members can be said to be actors,each playing a role.

Question 52

Zimbardo's simulated prison experiment is most important because it demonstrates:

A)that individuals can easily and rapidly assume new roles very different from their inherent personalities
B)flaws in the Hawthorne studies
C)the impact of cohesiveness
D)the importance of status

Question 53

When an individual finds that compliance with one role requirement may make more difficult the compliance with another,the result is:

A)role conflict
B)role perception
C)role expectation
D)role identity

Question 54

How others believe you should act in a given situation is a:

A)role expectation
B)norm
C)role perception
D)stereotype

Question 55

The ________ defines mutual expectations along with behavioural expectations that go with every role.

A)group norm
B)role stereotype
C)role expectation
D)psychological contract

Question 56

When an individual is confronted by divergent role expectations,the result is role conflict.

Question 57

Acceptable standards of behaviour that are shared by the group's members are called:

A)opinions
B)sanctions
C)norms
D)rules

Question 58

Zimbardo's simulated prison experiment involving "normal" students at Stanford University illustrated:

A)individual communication
B)the sudden adaptation of new roles
C)a conflict of interest
D)group conformity

Question 59

When a psychological contract is broken,both parties renegotiate to create a new contract.

Question 60

Asch conducted a simulated prison experiment demonstrated that people with no prior personality pathology or training in their roles could execute extreme forms of behaviour consistent with the roles they were playing.

Question 61

According to status characteristics theory,status tends to derive from all of the following sources except:

A)the designated task
B)the power a person wields over others
C)a person's ability to contribute to a group's goals
D)an individual's personal characteristics

Question 62

Solomon Asch's study was very important in demonstrating the concept of group conformity on individual behaviour.

Question 63

The Hawthorne studies:

A)began by examining the relationship between the physical environment and productivity
B)began with illumination experiments with various groups of workers
C)did a third study to ascertain the effect of a sophisticated wage incentive plan
D)all of the above

Question 64

Norms tell members what they ought and ought not to do under certain circumstances.

Question 65

Which of the following statements about status and culture is FALSE?

A)Cultural differences affect status.
B)The importance of status does vary between cultures.
C)The French are not status conscious.
D)Asians derive status from family position and formal roles in organisations.

Question 66

Which of the following is FALSE?

A)High status members of groups are given more freedom to deviate from norms than are other group members.
B)High status people are better able to resist conformity pressures than their lower status peers.
C)Status has been shown to have some interesting effects on the power of norms and the pressures to conform.
D)Low status members of groups are given more freedom to deviate from norms than are other group members.

Question 67

The major contribution of the Asch study was to demonstrate the impact of:

A)the Hawthorne effect
B)seating arrangements
C)group pressures for conformity
D)status on group performance

Question 68

The most common class of norms are social arrangement norms.

Question 69

Only some groups have established norms.

Question 70

________ groups are characterised as ones where a person is aware of the others.The person defines himself or herself as a member,or would like to be a member.

A)Status
B)Normative
C)Role
D)Reference

Question 71

A reference group is one that a person defines himself or herself as a member or is desirous of being a member.

Question 72

Norms that dictate assignment of difficult jobs and allocation of new tools and equipment are norms dealing with:

A)financial standards
B)resource allocation
C)corporate objectives
D)informal arrangements

Question 73

________ norms include how to get the job done and the level of output.

A)Performance
B)Allocation of resources
C)Social arrangement
D)Appearance

Question 74

One example of work group norms deals with performance-related processes.Examples of performance norms include all of the following except:

A)how hard the employee should work
B)level of output
C)appropriate levels of tardiness
D)appropriate dress

Question 75

Which of the following is true about status inequity?

A)Perceived inequity creates disequilibrium.
B)Groups generally agree within themselves on status criteria.
C)It is important for group members to believe that the status hierarchy is equitable.
D)All of the above.

Question 76

________ norms include things like appropriate dress and when to look busy.

A)Social arrangement
B)Allocation of resources
C)Appearance
D)Performance

Question 77

Performance norms include things like appropriate dress and when to look busy.

Question 78

Antisocial actions by organisational members that intentionally violate established norms and that result in negative consequences for the organisation,its members,or both are referred to as:

A)ethical dilemmas
B)voluntary behaviour
C)norms
D)deviant workplace behaviour

Question 79

________ is a socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others.

A)Position
B)Status
C)Promotion
D)Role

Question 80

Norms that dictate with whom group members eat lunch and whether to form friendships on and off the job,are norms dealing with:

A)social arrangements
B)ethical issues
C)group activity
D)appearance factors