Deck 3: Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Small structures that compartmentalize the cell for the various cellular activities are

A)nuclei.
B)organelles.
C)matrices.
D)proteins.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The nuclear envelope contains the nuclear material and its structure is a

A)double-layered membrane with pores.
B)single-layered membrane with pores.
C)solid single-layered membrane.
D)solid double-layered membrane.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following organelles functions in protein synthesis?

A)Ribosomes
B)Golgi apparatus
C)Smooth ER
D)All apply.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following types of cells are anucleate when mature?

A)Liver cells
B)Skin cells
C)Erythrocytes
D)Skeletal muscle cells

Question 5

Functions of membrane proteins include all of the following except

A)carriers.
B)cell identification.
C)stability.
D)receptors.
E)channels.

Question 6

The presence of cholesterol molecules in plasma membranes is to

A)allow the buildup of fats.
B)change the chemical nature of the membrane.
C)create a mosaic pattern.
D)stabilize the phospholipids at low temperatures.

Question 7

Think about the bilayer arrangement of phospholipids in cell membranes.Now imagine if extracellular and intracellular fluids were made of oil instead of water.How would the phospholipids arrange themselves?

A)The hydrophilic heads would be oriented toward the middle,with hydrophobic tails pointing outward.
B)The hydrophobic heads would be oriented toward the oil,so outward;the hydrophilic tails would be pointed inward.
C)The hydrophobic tails would be oriented inward,while the hydrophilic heads would point outward.

Question 8

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is covered with

A)Golgi apparatus.
B)ribosomes.
C)lysosomes.
D)nucleoli.

Question 9

Which of the following serves as the site for the synthesis of phospholipids?

A)Plasma membrane
B)Rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D)Golgi apparatus

Question 10

A system of membranous channels and saccules that runs from the nuclear membrane through the cytoplasm is the

A)nucleolus.
B)Golgi apparatus.
C)endoplasmic reticulum.
D)mitochondria.

Question 11

The plasma membrane consists primarily of

A)phospholipids and proteins.
B)sugars and starches.
C)phospholipids and sugars.
D)sugars and proteins.

Question 12

Tightly-coiled,rod-like structures of DNA and proteins are called

A)nucleoli.
B)ribosomes.
C)chromatin.
D)chromosomes.

Question 13

The phospholipid molecules are arranged with

A)the hydrophilic tails facing outward and the hydrophobic heads facing inward.
B)the hydrophilic tails facing inward and the hydrophobic heads facing outward.
C)the hydrophilic heads facing outward and the hydrophobic tails facing inward.
D)the hydrophilic heads facing inward and the hydrophobic tails facing outward.

Question 14

The function of the nucleolus is to make

A)mitochondria.
B)endoplasmic reticulum.
C)chromosomes.
D)ribosomes.

Question 15

The gelatinous supporting material of a cell is the

A)plasma membrane.
B)nucleus.
C)cytoplasm.
D)organelle.

Question 16

Proteins that are mainly used inside the cell are synthesized

A)in the nucleus.
B)on polyribosomes.
C)on rough ER.
D)in the nucleoli.

Question 17

Liver cells help to detoxify drugs.Therefore,they would have a large number of

A)rough ER.
B)Golgi apparatus.
C)smooth ER.
D)centrioles.

Question 18

What is the role of glycolipids and glycoproteins in the plasma membrane?

A)Transport of molecules through the membrane
B)Stabilize the phospholipid bilayer
C)Cell identification
D)Cell movement

Question 19

The movement of protein molecules within the phospholipid bilayer is described by the

A)fluid mosaic model.
B)lipid mosaic model.
C)protein-lipid mosaic model.
D)cholesterol mosaic model.

Question 20

Which of the following function(s)in protein production?

A)Ribosomes
B)Golgi apparatus
C)Rough ER
D)Ribosomes,Golgi apparatus,and rough ER

Question 21

The movement of H₂O across a plasma membrane

A)is called osmosis.
B)is called diffusion.
C)requires energy.
D)is called osmosis and requires energy.

Question 22

A disease involving a missing or inactive lysosomal enzyme in nerve cells is called

A)Golgi's disease.
B)multiple sclerosis.
C)neuritis.
D)Tay-Sachs disease.

Question 23

Digestive sacs found in cells that help to detoxify drugs and alcohol are

A)peroxisomes.
B)centrioles.
C)ribosomes.
D)rough ER.

Question 24

Mitochondria

A)produce protein.
B)store food.
C)produce ATP.
D)digest food.

Question 25

The term 'tonicity' refers to

A)the concentration of solutes that determines the movement of water.
B)the separation of one cell into two daughter cells.
C)the secretion of products outside of the cell through the plasma membrane.
D)the movement of water across a membrane.

Question 26

__________ help keep the lungs clean.

A)Cilia
B)Flagella
C)Basal bodies
D)Microvilli

Question 27

Which organelle is involved in processing,packaging,and secretion of proteins and lipids?

A)Ribosomes
B)Golgi apparatus
C)Endoplasmic reticulum
D)Chromosomes

Question 28

Small lipid soluble molecules would move through the plasma membrane by

A)diffusion.
B)osmosis.
C)filtration.
D)pumping.

Question 29

__________ are small hair-like extensions that produce movement across the surface of cells.

A)Cilia
B)Flagella
C)Microvilli
D)Basal bodies

Question 30

Proteins do not pass through plasma membranes because

A)the membrane is made of protein.
B)they contain nitrogen.
C)they are very large molecules.
D)they cause emulsification.

Question 31

What differentiates passive transport from active transport?

A)Passive transport moves substances into cells,while active transport moves substances out of cells.
B)Passive transport requires carriers,while active transport does not.
C)Passive transport does not use cellular energy,while active transport uses cellular energy.
D)Passive transport only moves water,while active transport only moves proteins.

Question 32

What is the function of intermediate filaments?

A)Cell-to-cell junctions
B)Cell movement
C)Form flagella
D)Cell shape

Question 33

Which elements of the cytoskeleton help maintain the shape of the cells,move organelles around,and aid in cell division?

A)Intermediate fibers
B)Cilia
C)Microtubules
D)Actin filaments

Question 34

The random movement of simple substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called

A)osmosis.
B)filtration.
C)diffusion.
D)pumping.

Question 35

Sperm use __________ for movement.

A)cilia
B)flagella
C)microvilli
D)microfilaments

Question 36

The plasma membrane is

A)impermeable.
B)permeable to everything.
C)selectively permeable.

Question 37

Short cylinders with a 9 + 0 pattern that form the spindle apparatus during cell division are

A)centrioles.
B)basal bodies.
C)flagella.
D)actin filaments.

Question 38

Which cytoskeletal structure is involved in the movement of chromosomes during cell division?

A)Actin filaments
B)Intermediate filaments
C)Microtubules
D)Microvilli

Question 39

What structure anchors cilia and flagella?

A)Microvilli
B)Basal body
C)Hilus
D)Hillock

Question 40

The inner folds of membrane in mitochondria,where many of the reactions of aerobic cellular respiration occur,are called

A)smooth ER.
B)cristae.
C)grana.
D)thylakoid membranes.

Question 41

When a cell is placed into a(n)__________ solution,the cell maintains its size.

A)isotonic
B)hypotonic
C)hypertonic

Question 42

The movement of materials into a cell by the formation of a pocket of the plasma membrane is called

A)exocytosis.
B)hemolysis.
C)crenation.
D)endocytosis.

Question 43

Secretion of substances made by a cell would occur by the process of

A)pinocytosis.
B)exocytosis.
C)endocytosis.
D)phagocytosis.

Question 44

Bringing solutions into a cell is called

A)facilitated diffusion.
B)pinocytosis.
C)exocytosis.
D)phagocytosis.

Question 45

The condition where water is lost from the body,and the concentration of solutes in body fluids rises,is called

A)dehydration.
B)hemolysis.
C)osmosis.
D)water intoxication.

Question 46

When a substance cannot cross the plasma membrane by itself,and instead uses a protein carrier to move from high to low concentration,it uses

A)facilitated diffusion.
B)active transport.
C)osmosis.
D)simple diffusion.

Question 47

The process of "cell drinking" is known as phagocytosis.

Question 48

The process of programmed cell death due to problems in the cell cycle is called

A)mitosis.
B)apoptosis.
C)phagocytosis.
D)endocytosis.

Question 49

A cell that has crenated has

A)swollen up.
B)burst.
C)broken in half.
D)shrunk.

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a passive process of movement?

A)Solute pumps
B)Osmosis
C)Facilitated diffusion
D)Diffusion

Question 51

Hemolysis means

A)swelling of cells.
B)shrinking of blood cells.
C)diffusion of cells into blood.
D)bursting of blood cells

Question 52

Filtration

A)pushes material out of the blood.
B)uses blood pressure to move fluids.
C)can separate large particles from small particles.
D)All apply.

Question 53

Which process does not require a concentration gradient?

A)Active transport
B)Diffusion
C)Facilitated diffusion
D)Osmosis

Question 54

Active transport

A)moves materials against their concentration gradients.
B)requires energy.
C)occurs in cells with many mitochondria.
D)All apply.

Question 55

When a cell is placed into a(n)__________ solution,water enters the cell.

A)isotonic
B)hypotonic
C)hypertonic

Question 56

When a cell is placed into a(n)__________ solution,crenation is possible.

A)isotonic
B)hypotonic
C)hypertonic

Question 57

A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of

A)pinocytosis.
B)exocytosis.
C)active transport.
D)phagocytosis.

Question 58

A carrier protein is required

A)for passive transport.
B)for active transport.
C)to move water.
D)for passive transport and to move water.

Question 59

Water intoxication can be due to

A)loss of too much water.
B)excessive sweating.
C)excessive consumption of pure water.
D)excessive consumption of low-sodium sports drinks.

Question 60

The formation of a pocket of the plasma membrane to bring in solid materials is called

A)exocytosis.
B)pinocytosis.
C)phagocytosis.
D)facilitated diffusion.

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT a form of RNA used in protein synthesis?

A)Messenger RNA
B)Complementary RNA
C)Transfer RNA
D)Ribosomal RNA

Question 62

The portion of the cell cycle when a cell is not dividing and instead performs normal cellular processes is called

A)interphase.
B)mitosis.
C)apoptosis.
D)exterophase.

Question 63

The division of the cytoplasm and organelles is called

A)cytokinesis.
B)mitosis.
C)interphase.
D)telophase.

Question 64

The period of interphase when DNA is replicated is the

A)G₁ phase.
B)S phase.
C)G₂ phase.
D)mitosis phase.

Question 65

Which of the following types of RNA are NOT matched correctly with their function?

A)tRNA - carries amino acids
B)rRNA - site of protein synthesis
C)tRNA - contains the code to make a polypeptide
D)mRNA - contains the code to make a polypeptide

Question 66

Transcription involves _________,where translation involves _______.

A)polypeptide synthesis;mRNA synthesis
B)mRNA synthesis;polypeptide synthesis
C)amino acids;nucleotides

Question 67

The period of interphase when cell growth and the manufacturing of organelles occurs is the

A)G₁ phase.
B)S phase.
C)G₂ phase.
D)mitosis phase.

Question 68

The process of cell division involves the two stages called

A)interphase and cytokinesis.
B)interphase and mitosis.
C)mitosis and cytokinesis.
D)cytokinesis and G₁ phase.

Question 69

The division of the nucleus is called

A)cytokinesis.
B)mitosis.
C)interphase.
D)telophase.

Question 70

When mRNA molecules are formed,they are complementary to DNA with the exception that

A)an A in DNA matches a T in mRNA.
B)a T in DNA matches an C in mRNA.
C)an A in DNA matches a G in mRNA.
D)an A in DNA matches a U in mRNA.

Question 71

The chromosomes shorten and thicken,becoming visible,during

A)metaphase.
B)telophase.
C)anaphase.
D)prophase.

Question 72

The centrioles move to opposite poles during

A)telophase.
B)prophase.
C)metaphase.
D)anaphase.

Question 73

The material that is replicated prior to cell division is called

A)RNA.
B)protein.
C)DNA.
D)ATP.

Question 74

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

A)Breaks hydrogen bonds between DNA strands
B)Joins nucleotides of the complementary DNA strand
C)Joins amino acids to form a protein
D)None apply.

Question 75

If half of a DNA molecule is ACG-TCC-GTA,the complementary half would be

A)CTA-CTT-ACC.
B)TGC-AGG-CAT.
C)ACG-TCC-GTA.
D)UGC-AGG-CAU.

Question 76

The three-base sequence on mRNA that matches the triplet of DNA is a(n)

A)triplet.
B)anticodon.
C)codon.
D)gene.

Question 77

The period of interphase when the proteins are made that will be needed for cell division is the

A)G₁ phase.
B)S phase.
C)G₂ phase.
D)mitosis phase.

Question 78

Each strand of a replicated double helix of DNA is called a

A)chromatid.
B)chromosome.
C)autosome.
D)centriole.

Question 79

The three-nucleotide segment of tRNA that binds to a three-nucleotide segment of mRNA during translation is called a(n)

A)anticodon.
B)codon.
C)transcription.
D)amino acid.

Question 80

Apoptosis

A)involves the destruction of a cell.
B)occurs at the restriction checkpoint.
C)is not a component of the cell cycle.
D)All apply.