Deck 5: Data and Knowledge Management

Question 1

The relational database model is based on the concept of three-dimensional tables.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Data rot refers to the quality of the data itself.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A negative value for a student's grade point average is an example of a data integrity problem.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

An attribute is any characteristic or quality that describes a particular entity.

Question 5

In a data warehouse, existing data are constantly purged as new data come in.

Question 6

Entity-relationship diagrams are documents that show the primary and secondary keys associated with a conceptual data model.

Question 7

It is easy to manage all the data coming into an organization.

Question 8

The data dictionary stores definitions of data elements, characteristics that use the data elements, physical representation of the data elements, data ownership, and security.

Question 9

An organization's data warehouse generally maintains its operational data.

Question 10

An entity is a person, place, thing, or event about which information is maintained.

Question 11

Big Data is easy to define.

Question 12

Big Data has three distinct characteristics that distinguish it from traditional data.

Question 13

Structured query language is a relational database language that enables users to perform complicated searches with relatively simple statements.

Question 14

You would be an instance of your university's STUDENT class.

Question 15

It is important for applications and data to be dependent on each other.

Question 16

When data are normalized, attributes in the table depend on the primary key and any secondary keys.

Question 17

The secondary key is a field that identifies a record with complete uniqueness.

Question 18

Increasing amounts of external data need to be considered in making organizational decisions.

Question 19

Online analytical processing (OLAP) involves the analysis of accumulated data by end users.

Question 20

Today, large corporations are able to process big data but only at great expense.

Question 21

Traditional data formats change ______ while big data formats change _______. a) slowly, rapidly
B) rapidly, slowly
C) slowly, incrementally
D) both formats of data change at the same rate

Question 22

_____ occurs when various copies of the data agree.

A) Data isolation
B) Data integrity
C) Data consistency
D) Data redundancy
E) Application/Data dependence

Question 23

Data marts are designed for the end-user needs in a strategic business unit or department.

Question 24

Master data are generated and captured by operational systems.

Question 25

Tacit knowledge is the more objective, rational, and technical types of knowledge.

Question 26

Not including alphabetic characters in a Social Security Number field is an example of _____ .

A) Data isolation.
B) Data integrity.
C) Data consistency.
D) Data redundancy.
E) Application/data dependence.

Question 27

You have moved to a different apartment, but your electricity bill continues to be sent to your old address. The Post Office in your town has which problem with its data management?

A) Data redundancy
B) Data inconsistency
C) Data isolation
D) Data security
E) Data dependence

Question 28

Explicit knowledge refers to the cumulative store of subjective learning, which is personal and hard to formalize.

Question 29

Which of the following are requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley act? (check all that apply)
a) Public companies must evaluate and disclose the effectiveness of their internal financial controls.
b) Companies must hire independent auditors to verify the disclosures.
c) IT employees are held personally responsible for the release and validity of all filings.
d) Company officers can be held personally liable if the company lacks satisfactory data management policies.
e) Companies will not be held liable if a security breach occurs.

Question 30

Place the following members of the data hierarchy in their correct order:

A) Bit - byte - field - record - database - file
B) Bit - field - byte - record - file - database
C) Byte - bit - record - field - database
D) Bit - byte - field - record - file - database
E) Bit - record - field - byte - file -- database

Question 31

_____ occurs when the same data are stored in many places.

A) Data isolation
B) Data integrity
C) Data consistency
D) Data redundancy
E) Application/Data dependence

Question 32

Which of the following is not a source for external data?

A) Commercial databases
B) Corporate databases
C) Sensors
D) Satellites
E) Government reports

Question 33

_____ occurs when applications cannot access data associated with other applications.

A) Data isolation
B) Data integrity
C) Data consistency
D) Data redundancy
E) Application/Data dependence

Question 34

The amount of data produced worldwide is increasing by ___% each year. a) 10
B) 50
C) 90
D) It is not increasing at all.

Question 35

Why are many organizations turning to NoSQL databases to manage big data? a) NoSQL databases do not allow for missing data
B) NOSQL databases can process unstructured as well as structured data
C) NoSQL databases have a finite amount of data they can handle
D) NoSQL databases are less expensive than other databases

Question 36

Refer to IT's About Business 5.1: The Rollins Automotive illustrates that a single database can be used to convey information very fast between multiple organizations and software applications.

Question 37

Refer to IT's About Business 5.2: Storing data in proprietary formats does not pose a great challenge in consolidating and systematically categorizing data from multiple sources.

Question 38

In the data hierarchy, the smallest element is the _____.

A) Record.
B) Bit.
C) Byte.
D) Character.
E) File.

Question 39

What are the three distinct characteristics that distinguish big data from traditional data? a) volume, variety and veracity
B) volume, velocity and verification
C) volume, velocity and variety
D) volume, verification and variety

Question 40

Which of the following is not a reason why managing data is difficult over time?

A) New systems are developed.
B) The media the data are stored on becomes problematic.
C) New sources of data are created.
D) The amount of data increases exponentially.
E) All of these are reasons why managing data is difficult over time.

Question 41

A database management system is primarily a(n) _____.

A) file-handling program
B) data-modeling program
C) interface between applications and a database
D) interface between data and a database
E) interface between queries and a database

Question 42

In the relational database model, related tables can be joined when they contain common _____.

A) primary keys
B) rows
C) records
D) columns
E) files

Question 43

_____ tell the database management system which records are joined with others in related tables.

A) Primary keys
B) Secondary keys
C) Common attributes
D) Common files
E) Common fields

Question 44

The data in a data warehouse have which of the following characteristics?

A) They are organized by subject.
B) They are coded in different formats.
C) They are updated in real time.
D) They are typically retained for a defined, but limited, period of time.
E) They are organized in a hierarchical structure.

Question 45

As an individual student in your university's student database, you are a(n) _____ of the STUDENT class.

A) instance
B) individual
C) representative
D) entity
E) relationship

Question 46

In a university's relational database, the student record contains information regarding the student's last name. The last name is a(n):

A) attribute.
B) entity.
C) primary key.
D) object.
E) file.

Question 47

At your university, students can take more than one class, and each class can have more than one student. This is an example of what kind of relationship?

A) one-to-one
B) one-to-many
C) many-to-one
D) many-to-many
E) some-to-many

Question 48

_____ are fields in a record that have some identifying information but typically do not identify the record with complete accuracy.

A) Primary keys
B) Secondary keys
C) Duplicate keys
D) Attribute keys
E) Record keys

Question 49

A standardized language used to manipulate data is _____.

A) MS-Access
B) Oracle
C) query-by-example language
D) structured query language
E) data-manipulation language

Question 50

The data in a data warehouse:

A) are updated constantly in real time.
B) are updated in batch mode, approximately once per day.
C) are not updated.
D) are purged constantly as new data enter.
E) are available for MIS analysts, but not users.

Question 51

A(n) _____ represents a single character, such as a letter, number, or symbol.

A) Byte
B) Field
C) Record
D) File
E) Database

Question 52

In a database, the primary key field is used to _____.

A) specify an entity
B) create linked lists
C) identify duplicated data
D) uniquely identify a record
E) uniquely identify an attribute

Question 53

A(n) _____ is a logical grouping of related records.

A) Byte
B) Field
C) Record
D) File
E) Database

Question 54

When data are normalized, attributes in the table depend only on the _____.

A) secondary key
B) common attribute
C) primary key
D) common row
E) common record

Question 55

_____ is a method for analyzing and reducing a relational database to its most streamlined form.

A) Structured query
B) Normalization
C) Query by example
D) Joining
E) Relational analysis

Question 56

In a relational database, every row represents a(n) _____.

A) file
B) record
C) attribute
D) primary key
E) secondary key

Question 57

Data dictionaries perform all of the following functions except:

A) Providing information on each record.
B) Providing information on why attributes are needed in the database.
C) Defining the format necessary to enter data into the database.
D) Providing information on the name of each attribute.
E) Providing information on how often attributes should be updated.

Question 58

A(n) _____ is a logical grouping of characters into a word, a small group of words, or a complete number.

A) Byte
B) Field
C) Record
D) File
E) Database

Question 59

Data dictionaries provide which of the following advantages to the organization?

A) They reduce data inconsistency.
B) They enable faster program development.
C) They make it easier to modify data and information.
D) Only B and C
E) All of the above

Question 60

A(n) _____ is a logical grouping of related fields.

A) Byte
B) Field
C) Record
D) File
E) Database

Question 61

_____ is a process that helps organizations identify, select, organize, disseminate, transfer, and apply expertise that are part of the organization's memory and typically reside inside the organization in an unstructured manner.

A) Discovery
B) Knowledge management
C) Decision support
D) Online analytical processing
E) Data mining

Question 62

Organizations are turning to data governance for which of the following reasons?

A) They have too little data.
B) They are responding to federal regulations.
C) Their data are typically structured.
D) Their data are usually located in the organization's databases.
E) Data across their organizations are generally consistent.

Question 63

Define each element of the data hierarchy, in order from smallest to largest.
Section reference 1: The Database Approach

Question 64

Refer to IT's About Business 5.4: Hospital Improves Patient Care with Data Warehouse: A single source of all patient data, accessible to multiple hospitals will have the following benefit

A) aid in medical research
B) reduce duplicate tests
C) eliminate the need for patients to do their own record keeping
D) faster transfer of high-volume image data across different locations
E) all of the above

Question 65

The process of moving data from various sources into the data warehouse is called:

A) uploading.
B) extracting, transforming, and loading.
C) online transaction processing.
D) master data management.
E) online analytical processing.

Question 66

_____ provide(s) companies with a single version of the truth for their data.

A) Data warehouses
B) Data marts
C) Databases
D) Master data management
E) Enterprise information management

Question 67

Refer to IT's About Business 5.3: Database Solution for the German Aerospace Center: The challenges associated with data collection from satellites include the following except:

A) Capturing data in real time
B) Storing data at the satellite
C) Transferring data from the satellite to central databases
D) Storing current and past data collected from the satellites
E) Processing data to compare current and past information to predict future events

Question 68

_____ describe the activities of the business, whereas _____ categorize(s), aggregate(s), and evaluate(s) data generated by the organization's activities.

A) Transaction data, master data
B) Source data, transaction data
C) Operational data, master data
D) Master data, source data
E) Business dimensional data, databases

Question 69

Discuss why decisions concerning data structure have a broader impact than decisions concerning hardware and software.
Section reference 1: Managing Data

Question 70

Explicit knowledge has which of the following characteristics?

A) objective
B) personal
C) slow
D) costly to transfer
E) ambiguous

Question 71

Historically, management information systems have focused on capturing, storing, managing, and reporting _____ knowledge.

A) tacit
B) explicit
C) managerial
D) geographical
E) cultural

Question 72

The most important benefit of knowledge management systems is:

A) They improve customer service.
B) They make best practices available to employees.
C) They enable the organization to retain scarce knowledge when employees retire.
D) They improve employee morale.
E) They make product development more efficient.

Question 73

Discuss the difficulties involved in managing data.
Section reference 1: Managing Data

Question 74

Compared to data warehouses, data marts have which one of the following characteristics?

A) They cost less.
B) They have longer lead times for implementation.
C) They provide for central rather than local control.
D) They contain more information.
E) They are more difficult to navigate.

Question 75

Refer to Closing Case - Can Organizations Have Too Much Data? The primary reason why organizations would want to maintain multiple copies of the same data are the regulations and laws.

Question 76

Describe entity-relationship modeling.
Section reference 1: The Database Approach

Question 77

_____ is a formal approach to managing data consistently across an entire organization.
A. Database management
B. Enterprise information management
C. Data warehousing
D. Data governance
E. Data mart

Question 78

Tacit knowledge has which of the following characteristics?

A) codified
B) objective
C) unstructured
D) rational
E) technical

Question 79

Discuss the advantages of the database approach.
Section reference 1: The Database Approach

Question 80

_____ can be exercised to solve a problem, whereas _____ may or may not be able to be exercised to solve a problem.

A) Knowledge, information
B) Data, information
C) Information, data
D) Information, knowledge
E) Data, knowledge