Deck 11: Enlightenment: Science and the New Learning

Question 1

The French salon, center of intellectual debate, was often organized by

A) noblewomen.
B) artisans.
C) priests.
D) government officials.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the three parts of the traditional sonata?

A) Recapitulation
B) Composition
C) Exposition
D) Development

Answer 2

B

Question 3

All of the following figures are generally considered painters of the Rococo style EXCEPT

A) Fragonard.
B) Boucher.
C) Greuze.
D) Watteau.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Neoclassical art and classical music share an emphasis on

A) clarity and formal structure.
B) freedom of form.
C) spontaneity and emotion.
D) religious themes.

Question 5

The philosophic optimism of Enlightenment figures was satirized in Candide and other writings by

A) Diderot.
B) Voltaire.
C) Descartes.
D) Jefferson.

Question 6

One reason that both Protestants and Catholics opposed the heliocentric theory was that it

A) had no empirical basis.
B) contradicted Scripture.
C) was introduced to Europe by Muslim astronomers.
D) All these answers are correct.

Question 7

"Whatever is, is right" reflects the philosophic optimism of

A) Swift.
B) Voltaire.
C) Hogarth.
D) Pope.

Question 8

In his Novum Organum, Bacon objected to

A) the corruption of science by superstition and theology.
B) an overreliance on inductive reasoning.
C) the use of science to question Christian dogma.
D) knowledge based on observation rather than on reason.

Question 9

Diderot's Encyclopedia was

A) was written entirely by Diderot himself.
B) the largest compendium of knowledge produced in the West.
C) an attempt to limit access to technical knowledge and philosophical truth.
D) All these answers are correct.

Question 10

Descartes' proposition, "I think, therefore I am," demonstrated

A) his debt to the empirical method.
B) his respect for the theories of Francis Bacon.
C) a premise he could not doubt.
D) his rejection of critical inquiry.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the French Revolution is FALSE?

A) It degenerated into a Reign of Terror followed by a military dictatorship.
B) It resulted largely from social inequality and economic turmoil.
C) It served as a model for the American Revolution that shortly followed.
D) It witnessed the mobilization of women in pursuit of greater sexual equality.

Question 12

John Locke maintained that

A) legitimate government required the consent of the governed.
B) security lay in conferring power upon a single ruler.
C) revolution is never justified.
D) religion is the bedrock of the social contract.

Question 13

Francis Bacon called the false dogmas or teachings that hindered clear thinking

A) Icons.
B) Identities.
C) Idols.
D) Ironies.

Question 14

Henry Fielding and Samuel Richardson were both noted eighteenth-century writers of which new literary form?

A) The essay
B) The novel
C) The epic poem
D) The short story

Question 15

The title of Francis Bacon's landmark work, Novum Organum, means

A) "inductive logic."
B) "new method."
C) "not organic."
D) "social contract."

Question 16

The belief in a mechanistic universe fashioned by a Creator God who does not directly intervene in its affairs is called

A) atheism.
B) agnosticism.
C) animism.
D) deism.

Question 17

The predominant theme of Rococo paintings was the

A) pursuit of pleasure.
B) nobility of patriotic self-sacrifice.
C) dignity of the common peasant.
D) ubiquity of death and suffering.

Question 18

Mozart drew many of the melodies for his symphonies and compositions from

A) Lutheran chorales.
B) religious chants.
C) popular dance tunes.
D) Renaissance madrigals.

Question 19

Which of the following men was NOT a significant figure in the movement known as the Scientific Revolution?

A) Copernicus
B) Hogarth
C) Galileo
D) Newton

Question 20

Which figure famously recanted his scientific theories in 1633 after having been put on trial for heresy?

A) Galileo
B) Newton
C) Copernicus
D) Descartes

Question 21

Genre painting depicts scenes of

A) classical history.
B) military conquests.
C) ordinary life.
D) religious events.

Question 22

Defend the following statement by focusing on five landmark works of the European Enlightenment: "The Enlightenment marks the divide between an essentially medieval view of the world as dominated by divine truths and the principles of religious faith, and the modern view of the world as governed by scientific truths and the principles of human reason."

Question 23

Ingres' Grande Odalisque deviated from the principles of Classical art by

A) depicting female nudity.
B) painting with rough brushstrokes.
C) using murky colors that obscured objects in the composition.
D) disproportionately elongating the body of his female subject.

Question 24

Which nineteenth-century composer, who wrote the piece nicknamed "The Surprise," is often called the "father of the symphony"?

A) Paul Anton Esterházy
B) Ludwig von Köchel
C) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
D) Franz Joseph Haydn

Question 25

Progress, human perfectibility, and political equality were among the ideals of Enlightenment thinkers. Which landmark works asserted or defended these ideals? Which offered a critical view of these ideals?

Question 26

The works of Boucher and Watteau reflect a style

A) known as Rococo.
B) that expressed upper-class tastes.
C) of great delicacy and sensuality.
D) All these answers are correct.

Question 27

The fusion of art and politics that exalted the ideal of service and sacrifice to one's country is exemplified by which landmark?

A) Hogarth's The Marriage Transaction
B) David's The Oath of Horatii
C) Greuze's Village Bethrothal
D) Watteau's Departure from the Island of Cythera

Question 28

Compare the Rococo and Neoclassical styles, explaining the ways in which each reflects the aims, ambitions, and tastes of the European Enlightenment.