Deck 21: Patterns of Genetic Inheritance

Question 1

A male inherits his X-linked allele from his mother.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which of the following designations indicates a sex-linked trait?

A) A
B) I^A
C) X^B
D) a
E) i

Answer 2

C.

Question 3

Which of the following X-linked recessive disorders is characterized by a degeneration of the muscles?

A) Fragile X
B) Duchenne
C) color blindness
D) hemophilia
E) malaria

Answer 3

B.

Question 4

Which of the following traits is an X-linked recessive disorder?

A) color blindness
B) Tay-Sachs
C) cystic fibrosis
D) sickle-cell disease
E) Marfan syndrome

Question 5

When describing people as "lactose intolerant," you are describing

A) their genotype.
B) their phenotype.
C) their alleles.
D) their genome.
E) none of these

Question 6

Which of the following genotypes is heterozygous?

A) Aa
B) Ab
C) aB
D) ab
E) aa

Question 7

What is the genotype of a person with type O blood?

A) I^AI^A
B) I^AI^B
C) I^Ai
D) I^Bi
E) ii

Question 8

If two parents who are unaffected have a child that is affected, then the parents are both considered bearers.

Question 9

When you describe a person as having attached ear lobes, you are describing his or her genotype.

Question 10

Which of the following is not an autosomal recessive disorder?

A) Marfan syndrome
B) Tay-Sachs disease
C) cystic fibrosis
D) sickle-cell disease
E) All are autosomal recessive disorders.

Question 11

It is estimated that there are fewer than 100 genetic diseases caused by single gene mutations in humans.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a homozygous recessive genotype?

A) aa
B) Aa
C) short
D) AA
E) ab

Question 13

Which of the following disorders is caused by a defect in the production of an elastic connective tissue protein called fibrillin?

A) cystic fibrosis
B) Tay-Sachs disease
C) Marfan syndrome
D) Huntington disease
E) sickle-cell disease

Question 14

The square that is used to make all the possible combinations of gametes is called a Punnett square.

Question 15

Which of the following disorders is a trinucleotide repeat disorder?

A) Marfan syndrome
B) sickle-cell disease
C) cystic fibrosis
D) Tay-Sachs disease
E) Huntington disease

Question 16

Which of the following represents a dihybrid cross?

A) ff x ff
B) Gg x gg
C) AAbb x Aabb
D) AAbb x aaBB
E) Ss x ss

Question 17

How is familial hypercholesterolemia inherited?

A) autosomal recessive
B) autosomal dominant
C) incompletely dominant
D) codominant
E) sex-linked dominant

Question 18

Which of the following is a dominant allele?

A) A
B) a
C) AA
D) ab
E) Ab

Question 19

Which of the following terms refers to the genes of an individual?

A) genotype
B) phenotype
C) gamete
D) probability
E) autosomal

Question 20

Which of the following genetic disorders is due to a lack of the lysosome enzyme hex A?

A) cystic fibrosis
B) Tay-Sachs disease
C) Huntington disease
D) sickle-cell disease
E) Marfan syndrome

Question 21

In a cross of a homozygous dominant parent and a homozygous recessive parent, what is the ratio of offspring that will exhibit the recessive phenotype?

A) 0.
B) 1/4.
C) 1/2.
D) 3/4.
E) 1.

Question 22

In a cross of Ff x Ff, the probability of having a dominant phenotype is

A) 1/4.
B) 1/3.
C) 1/2.
D) 2/3.
E) 3/4.

Question 23

If you want to know the probability that tossing two coins will result in a particular outcome two heads, for example), you use the

A) product rule.
B) sum rule.
C) punnett rule.
D) Bergman's rule.
E) genetics rule.

Question 24

An allele is to a gene as a locus is to a

A) gamete.
B) phenotype.
C) chromosome.
D) genotype.
E) unit of heredity.

Question 25

Clasp your hands together without thinking about it). Which thumb is on top every time you do this? The dominant phenotype is left thumb on top. If you have the genotype tt, which thumb is on top?

A) left
B) right
C) left 50% of the time and right 50% of the time
D) left 25% of the time and right 75% of the time
E) left 75% of the time and right 25% of the time

Question 26

While a locus refers to a unit of heredity, a gene refers to a specific position on a chromosome.

Question 27

If the mother's genotype is aa, all of her eggs will be identical for this trait.

Question 28

In a dihybrid cross, if the resulting ratios are 1:1:1:1, what are the genotypes of the parents?

A) GgRr x ggrr
B) GGRR x ggrr
C) GgRr x GgRr
D) Gg x Rr
E) GG x RR

Question 29

Probability calculations in which the word "or" is used involve the product rule.

Question 30

Unattached earlobes are a dominant trait in humans. Which phenotype does an individual with the genotype EE show?

A) Both earlobes are unattached.
B) Both earlobes are attached.
C) The right earlobe is attached and the left earlobe is unattached.
D) The right earlobe is unattached and the left earlobe is attached.
E) Both earlobes are extremely elongated.

Question 31

In a cross of Ss x Ss, the probability of having a heterozygous genotype is

A) 1/4.
B) 1/3.
C) 1/2.
D) 2/3.
E) 3/4.

Question 32

Which of the following represents a gamete with a dominant allele?

A) A
B) b
C) AA
D) Aa
E) bb

Question 33

Which of the following represents a cross to determine if an individual is homozygous dominant or heterozygous?

A) Aa x aa
B) AA x AA
C) aa x aa
D) Aa x AA
E) Aa x Aa

Question 34

The probability of tossing a coin and having it be heads or tails is

A) 1/4.
B) 1/2.
C) 1.
D) 0.
E) 2.

Question 35

There are two different alleles for the number of fingers on the hands: five-finger allele and six-finger allele. When both the five-finger allele and the six-finger allele are present in the same individual, the individual has six fingers on each hand. Which allele is dominant?

A) 5 fingers
B) 6 fingers
C) 1 finger
D) 11 fingers
E) 7 fingers

Question 36

Which of the following would not be a common/conventional way to list someone's genotype?

A) BB
B) Bb
C) AB
D) bb
E) AA

Question 37

There is a single gene that controls the ability to taste PTC paper. The ability to taste is dominant to the inability to taste. If you can taste the paper, it is very bitter. Which of the following genotypes can taste the paper?

A) only PP
B) both PP and Pp
C) both PP and pp
D) only Pp
E) only pp

Question 38

Dad has a genotype of AaBb. He can produce sperm with how many different genotypes?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five

Question 39

Which of the following individuals has a recessive phenotype?

A) AA
B) Aa
C) AaBb
D) aabb
E) aAbB

Question 40

In a dihybrid cross, in which both parents are heterozygous for both traits, what is the probability that the offspring will exhibit both of the dominant phenotypes?

A) 1/16.
B) 3/16.
C) 6/16.
D) 9/16.
E) 1.

Question 41

If an individual has the A blood type, how many different genotypes can they possess?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five

Question 42

Of the three possible alleles for the ABO blood type, each individual can have how many?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) none
E) half an allele

Question 43

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an autosomal recessive disorder pedigree?

A) Heterozygotes have an affected phenotype.
B) Affected children can have unaffected parents.
C) Two affected parents will always have affected children.
D) Both males and females are affected with equal frequency.
E) Affected individuals with homozygous unaffected mates will have unaffected children. In an autosomal recessive disorder, heterozygotes have an unaffected phenotype.

Question 44

Is it possible for a man with type O blood to be the father of a child with type A blood?

Question 45

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an autosomal dominant disorder pedigree?

A) Affected children will usually have unaffected parents.
B) Heterozygotes are affected.
C) Two affected parents can produce an unaffected child.
D) Both males and females are affected with equal frequency.
E) Two unaffected parents will not have affected children.

Question 46

There is a trait with two alleles. One allele codes for blue while the other allele codes for yellow. If this trait is inherited in a codominant manner, what color will the offspring most likely be?

A) blue
B) yellow
C) green
D) blue-and-yellow striped
E) white

Question 47

Explain the problems associated with the genetic disorder Tay-Sachs.
A. This lysosome is responsible for clearing out the fatty acids that build up in the cells of the brain. The buildup begins to interfere with proper brain development and growth. This leads to malfunctions in vision, movement, hearing, and overall mental development. The impairment leads to blindness, seizures, paralysis, and death.

Question 48

Most of the sex-linked traits are found only on the X chromosome.

Question 49

Which of the following represents the genotype of a male who is color-blind?

A) X^BX^B
B) X^BX^b
C) X^bX^b
D) X^bY
E) X^BY

Question 50

List the genotypic ratios of the cross between a man with O blood type and a woman with heterozygous B blood type.

Question 51

The definition of a multifactorial trait is one in which more than one set of alleles is involved, in which the environment plays no role.

Question 52

Even though sickle-cell disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder, the heterozygote can express some variation of the recessive phenotype.

Question 53

Can two parents that have a genetic disorder ever have a normal child?

Question 54

Describe the term "polygenic traits."

Question 55

Which of the following traits would not be considered multifactorial?

A) alcoholism
B) suicide risk
C) cleft lip/palate
D) diabetes
E) ABO blood type

Question 56

Julie has a genetic disorder. Julie and her husband, Shane, have three children, none of which have the genetic disorder. How is this disorder most likely inherited?

A) autosomal dominant
B) autosomal recessive
C) heterozygous dominant
D) The environment influences the trait instead of the genetics.
E) 100% inheritance from the father since the children are not affected.

Question 57

If a person with type B blood marries a person with type A blood, what phenotypes can their children be?

A) all type A
B) all type B
C) types A and O
D) types B and O
E) types A, B, O, and AB

Question 58

Which of the following traits/disorders is controlled by multiple genes?

A) skin color
B) Tay-Sachs disease
C) ABO blood type
D) familial hypercholesterolemia
E) curly hair

Question 59

In a pedigree, an affected male would be designated by

A) an open circle.
B) a shaded circle.
C) an open square.
D) a shaded square.
E) a square with a line through it.

Question 60

Which variable has the stronger influence on the color of an individual's skin?

A) the individual's phenotype
B) the amount of time spent in the sun
C) the amount of time spent in the sun and the individual's genotype
D) the individual's genotype
E) Neither the sun nor the individual's genotype have any influence on the individual's skin color. Skin color is due to a combination of an individual's genotype as well as the environmental influence.

Question 61

In an X-linked dominant trait, affected males pass the trait only to daughters.

Question 62

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an X-linked recessive disorder pedigree?

A) An affected son can have normal parents.
B) If a female has the trait, her father must also have it.
C) The characteristic often skips a generation.
D) More females than males are affected.
E) If a woman has the characteristic, all of her sons will have it.

Question 63

How are Fragile X syndrome and Huntington disease similar?

A) Both exhibit a late onset in life.
B) Both are trinucleotide-repeat expansion disorders.
C) Both affect the muscles and lead to eventual paralysis.
D) Both cause autism.
E) Both are found only in males.

Question 64

Can a woman with an X-linked recessive disorder have normal sons?

Question 65

If a mother is a carrier for color-blindness and her husband is not color-blind, what are the probable genotypes of the children?

A) one normal daughter, one carrier daughter, one normal son, and one color-blind son
B) two normal daughters, one normal son, and one color-blind son
C) two carrier daughters, one normal son, and one color-blind son
D) one normal daughter, one carrier daughter, and two normal sons
E) one normal daughter, one carrier daughter, and two color-blind sons