Deck 5: Non-Mendelian Inheritance

Question 1

What type of inheritance is observed with extranuclear DNA?

A) Mendelian inheritance
B) Sex-linked inheritance
C) Paternal inheritance
D) Maternal inheritance
E) Maternal effect

Answer 1

D

Question 2

How many Barr bodies would an individual with a XXY genotype possess?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) None of the answers are correct

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Where is extranuclear DNA located in mammalian cells?

A) Endoplasmic reticulum
B) Mitochondria
C) Ribosome
D) Plasma membrane

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which inheritance pattern is common to oogenesis, spermatogenesis, and embryogenesis?

A) Maternal inheritance
B) Epigenetic inheritance
C) Maternal effect
D) Paternal inheritance

Question 5

The coat color of calico cats is a result of ________.

A) maternal inheritance
B) X-inactivation
C) imprinting
D) extranuclear inheritance

Question 6

The Lyon hypothesis attempts to explain the molecular mechanism of ________.

A) X-inactivation
B) genomic imprinting
C) maternal inheritance
D) extranuclear inheritance

Question 7

In the gene that affects snail coiling, the ________ is responsible for the phenotype of the offspring.

A) mother's phenotype
B) father's phenotype
C) mother's genotype
D) father's genotype

Question 8

In the Igf2 gene, which allele is expressed?

A) Paternal
B) Maternal
C) Both maternal and paternal
D) Neither allele is expressed

Question 9

Which of the following is primarily responsible for the maternal effect?

A) Sperm cells
B) Oocytes
C) Nurse cells
D) Placenta

Question 10

Which of the following is false regarding human mtDNA?

A) It is around 17,000 bp in length.
B) It is a linear chromosome.
C) Multiple copies exist in each mitochondria.
D) It mostly contains rRNA and tRNA genes, and genes for mitochondrial function.

Question 11

Monoallelic expression is associated with which of the following?

A) X-inactivation
B) Genomic imprinting
C) Maternal inheritance
D) Extranuclear inheritance

Question 12

Which diseases are associated with imprinting?

A) Angelman Syndrome
B) LHON
C) Alzheimer's Disease
D) All of the answers are correct

Question 13

Who is largely responsible for proposing the endosymbiosis theory?

A) Schimper, Wallin, Margulis
B) Lyon, Margulis, Schimper
C) Schimper, Wallin, Barr
D) Barr, Lyon, Margulis

Question 14

What is thought to be the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

A) Cyanobacteria for mitochondria, purple bacteria for chloroplasts
B) Purple bacteria for mitochondria, fungi for chloroplasts
C) Purple bacteria for mitochondria, cyanobacteria for chloroplasts
D) Algae for mitochondria, cyanobacteria for chloroplasts

Question 15

Both parents usually imprint the same gene.

Question 16

In which cells do erasure and re-establishment of imprinting marks typically not occur?

A) Nurse cells
B) Sperm cells
C) Oocytes
D) Somatic cells

Question 17

Which of the following does not inactivate an X chromosome?

A) Mammals
B) Drosophila
C) C. elegans
D) Marsupials

Question 18

Who originally identified a highly condensed structure in the interphase of nuclei?

A) Lyon
B) Barr
C) Ohno
D) None of the answers are correct

Question 19

What is the molecular mechanism for imprinting a gene?

A) Acetylation
B) Nitration
C) Phosphorylation
D) Methylation

Question 20

What is a disease associated with extra nuclear inheritance?

A) Angelman Syndrome
B) Prader-Willi Syndrome
C) LHON
D) Muscular Dystrophy

Question 21

A symbiotic relationship where one organism lives inside another species is called ________.

A) cytoplasmic inheritance
B) heteroplasmy
C) paternal leakage
D) endosymbiosis

Question 22

If the sperm cell contributes mitochondria to the oocyte, it is called ________.

A) paternal leakage
B) maternal leakage
C) paternal inheritance
D) mitochondria
E) imprinting

Question 23

The inheritance of leaf pigmentation in the four-o'clock plant Mirabilis jalapa is an example of ________.

A) maternal effect
B) maternal inheritance
C) epigenetic inheritance
D) imprinting

Question 24

Heteroplasmy is associated with inheritance patterns involving

A) nuclear.
B) paternal DNA.
C) chloroplasts.
D) ribosomes.
E) imprinted.

Question 25

Dosage compensation offsets the problems associated with differences in the number of ________ chromosomes in many species.

A) cytoplasmic
B) autosome
C) sex
D) extranuclear
E) mitochondrial

Question 26

Which of the following categories of genes is typically NOT encoded in cpDNA?

A) Genes encoding rRNA.
B) Genes encoding tRNA.
C) Genes for photosynthetic pathway enzymes.
D) Genes encoding nuclear proteins.

Question 27

mtDNA stands for ________ and cpDNA stands for ________.

A) extranuclear DNA, cytoplasmic DNA
B) maternal DNA, paternal DNA
C) marked DNA, copied DNA
D) nuclear, cytoplasmic
E) mitochondrial DNA, chloroplast DNA

Question 28

A modification that occurs to a nuclear gene that alters gene expression without modifying the DNA sequence is called ________ inheritance.

A) extranuclear
B) cytoplasmic
C) maternal effect
D) epigenetic
E) nuclear

Question 29

The inheritance patterns of genetic material that is not contained in the nucleus of the cell is called ________.

A) extranuclear inheritance
B) maternal effect
C) imprinting
D) nuclear
E) epigenetic

Question 30

mtDNA contains all of the genes necessary for the complete function of mitochondrial metabolism.

Question 31

In maternal effect, the ________ of the mother determines the ________ of the offspring.

A) phenotype, genotype
B) genotype, phenotype
C) rRNA, tRNA
D) imprinting, genotype