Deck 5: Learners With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Question 1

According to the hypothetical "normal curve," approximately what percentage of the population is expected to have intellectual disabilities?

A)1%
B)1.27%
C)2.27%
D)5.27%

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which one of the following statements about intellectual disabilities is TRUE?

A)Designating someone as having "intellectual disabilities" has become easier.
B)Professionals are in agreement that the label "mental retardation" MR)is harmful.
C)The prevailing opinions is that,for some children,intellectual disabilities are not a permanent condition.
D)How well a person functions has not been shown to be related to supports available in the environment.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

People who have Williams syndrome

A)do not pass it on to their children.
B)pass it on to their male children only.
C)pass it on to their female children only.
D)can pass it on to each of their children,regardless of gender.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Jose has intellectual disabilities.As an infant,he was lethargic and had difficulty eating;however,at about one year of age he became obsessed with food.This is characteristic of

A)Down syndrome.
B)Williams syndrome.
C)Fragile X syndrome.
D)Prader-Willi syndrome.

Question 5

Many authorities say that adaptive behavior consists of

A)social intelligence and practical intelligence.
B)behaviors that defy definition.
C)IQ and behavior.
D)skills that result in the individual's achieving a high quality of life.

Question 6

Strategies and resources that a person requires to participate in activities associated with normative human functioning are

A)scaffolds.
B)normative skills.
C)adaptive skills.
D)supports.

Question 7

Current estimates place the prevalence of students receiving special education services who are identified as intellectually disabled/mentally retarded at approximately

A)1%.
B)5%.
C)2.5%.
D)3.5%.

Question 8

Each of the following diagnostic techniques involves the fetus EXCEPT

A)amniocentesis.
B)chorionic villus sampling.
C)phenylketonuria PKU)screening.
D)Nuchal translucency sonogram.

Question 9

A common way to categorize causes of intellectual disabilities is to consider the

A)part of the brain affected.
B)location at which the cause occurs.
C)severity of the condition.
D)time at which the cause occurs.

Question 10

The current emphasis on adaptive skills in defining intellectual disabilities is due to the

A)influence of the learning disabilities movement.
B)realization that students can be "streetwise" despite having low IQ test scores.
C)rise of the disability rights movement.
D)joint efforts of parents of children with intellectual disabilities.

Question 11

A surgically placed shunt that drains excess fluid away from the brain is used to treat

A)microcephalus.
B)encephalitis.
C)meningitis.
D)hydrocephalus.

Question 12

Alzheimer's disease has been linked to which cause of intellectual disabilities?

A)neurofibromatosis
B)Down syndrome
C)phenylketonuria PKU)
D)hydrocephalus

Question 13

Fetal alcohol syndrome is classified as resulting from an)

A)environmental hazard.
B)infection.
C)genetic factor.
D)chromosomal abnormality.

Question 14

All states routinely screen for this before babies leave the hospital:

A)Fragile X syndrome.
B)phenylketonuria.
C)Down syndrome.
D)hydrocephalus.

Question 15

Claudia is a third grader with intellectual disabilities.She has thick epicanthal folds in the corner of her eyes,small stature,decreased muscle tone,speckling of the iris of the eye,a small oral cavity,and short,broad hands with a single palmar crease.These characteristics are typical of

A)cultural-familial intellectual disabilities.
B)Down syndrome.
C)fetal alcohol syndrome.
D)Fragile X syndrome.

Question 16

Professionals have become more cautious in diagnosing intellectual disabilities for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A)the stigma associated with the label.
B)the belief that intellectual disabilities are a socially constructed condition.
C)overrepresentation of children from ethnic minority groups.
D)increasing costs associated with special education.

Question 17

The classification system that most school systems use to describe levels of intellectual disabilities is based on

A)reading and math achievement levels.
B)IQ score.
C)the intensity of support needed.
D)adaptive level.

Question 18

The most common known hereditary cause of intellectual disabilities is

A)Fragile X syndrome.
B)Down syndrome.
C)Williams syndrome.
D)Prader-Willi syndrome.

Question 19

In recent years,the percentage of cases in which the cause of intellectual disabilities is known has dramatically increased due to

A)better assessment practices by teachers.
B)the mapping of the human genetic code.
C)better assessment practices by family physicians.
D)advances in microscopic technology.

Question 20

Fragile X syndrome occurs most often in

A)females.
B)twins.
C)first-born offspring.
D)males.

Question 21

Results from the Perry Preschool Project and the Abecedarian Project indicate that

A)special classes are the most effective placement.
B)most early intervention programs are ineffective.
C)high school performance is not affected by early intervention.
D)early intervention can reduce the rate of intellectual disabilities.

Question 22

A specific and characteristic behavior repertoire associated with a genetic or chromosomal disorder is a

A)genetic syndrome.
B)personality characteristic.
C)behavioral phenotype.
D)behavioral genotype.

Question 23

The ability to keep information in mind while simultaneously doing another task is

A)working memory.
B)passive memory.
C)long-term memory.
D)active memory.

Question 24

Joe tends to believe whatever he is told,even highly questionable statements or claims,despite any evidence.This tendency is

A)self-deception.
B)gullibility.
C)unreasonable trust.
D)learned helplessness.

Question 25

Which one of the following statements about intelligence tests is TRUE?

A)An individual's IQ score does not change from one testing to another.
B)All IQ tests are culturally biased to a certain extent.
C)The older the child,the less validity and reliability the test has.
D)IQ tests are ideal for assessing a person's ability to function in society.

Question 26

The purpose of early intervention programs for children at risk for mild intellectual disabilities is

A)improving parents' teaching skills.
B)preventing intellectual disabilities or furthering development of children who have intellectual disabilities.
C)improving family financial status through job training for parents.
D)improving the quality of the children's medical care.

Question 27

Joe,a 15-year-old boy,performs about as well on an intelligence test as an average six-year-old.His IQ is about

A)25.
B)40.
C)60.
D)90.

Question 28

Pointing to an item while telling a student to pick it up is an example of

A)verbal prompt.
B)gestural prompt.
C)modeling.
D)poor instruction.

Question 29

Which statement is TRUE?

A)Instruction of daily living skills is more effective in a controlled classroom setting.
B)It is easier to hold instruction in classrooms than in real-life settings.
C)Instruction in daily living skills should not include instruction in classroom settings.
D)There is no benefit to using real products and money when teaching daily living skills.

Question 30

Research on classwide peer tutoring CWPT)to help meet the instructional needs of students with mild mental retardation in inclusive settings shows that,compared to teacher-led instruction,CWPT resulted in each of the following EXCEPT

A)increased academic performance for all students.
B)increased amount of engaged academic time.
C)increased academic performance for the students with mild ID only.
D)positive acceptance from the teachers and students.

Question 31

Using instructional prompts,consequences for performance,and strategies for transfer of stimulus control is called

A)community-based instruction.
B)functional instruction.
C)functional academics.
D)systematic instruction.

Question 32

Each of the following are possible perinatal causes of intellectual disabilities EXCEPT

A)rubella.
B)syphilis.
C)anoxia.
D)low birth weight.

Question 33

Each of the following is TRUE regarding assessment of quality of life EXCEPT

A)It presents challenges because it depends on individual perceptions.
B)It should consider society's view of quality of life as well as an individual's level of satisfaction.
C)There are no assessments to use with Spanish-speaking populations.
D)Quality of life is difficult to measure.

Question 34

An infection of the covering of the brain that may be caused by a variety of bacterial and viral agents is

A)syphilis.
B)flu.
C)meningitis.
D)spina bifida.

Question 35

Keesha is trying to transfer control away from prompts to a more naturally occurring stimulus.She tells her daughter "Pick up your toys.Put them in that box [points to box]." Over the next few days,she will tell her daughter to pick up her toys,but will wait 10 seconds before telling her to put them in the box.This is an example of

A)progressive time delay.
B)timed response delay.
C)constant time delay.
D)intermittent time delay.

Question 36

People with intellectual disabilities are likely to believe they have little control over what happens to them and that they are primarily controlled by other people and events.This belief is

A)a lack of self-regulation.
B)due to their histories of failure.
C)due to locus of control.
D)a problem with gullibility.

Question 37

Research has consistently shown that students who are positively reinforced for correct responses

A)learn at the same rate as when they are not reinforced.
B)are susceptible to a "rebound effect," whereby punishment is ineffective.
C)learn at a faster rate than when they are not reinforced.
D)are highly likely to become dependent on reinforcement.

Question 38

A person's awareness of what strategies are needed to perform a task,the ability to plan how to use the strategies,and the evaluation of how well the strategies are working is

A)metacognition.
B)self-regulation.
C)working memory.
D)perception.

Question 39

In functional academics,academics are taught in the context of

A)daily living skills.
B)test-taking,such as the SATs.
C)the general education curriculum.
D)the common core state standards.

Question 40

How is adaptive behavior typically assessed?

A)A psychologist observes the student in the classroom.
B)The student is asked to perform a series of tasks.
C)A parent,teacher,or professional answers questions related to the student's behavior.
D)A close friend,chosen by the student,fills out a behavior rating form.

Question 41

In the past several years,it has become more difficult to designate someone as having intellectual disabilities.

Question 42

IQ is generally considered the single best index of how well a person will do in school.

Question 43

Self-determination is most likely to be fostered under which of the following conditions?

A)supported living
B)community residential facilities
C)group homes
D)residential institutions

Question 44

In person-centered planning,professionals are seen as

A)working for individuals with intellectual disabilities.
B)largely irrelevant in planning with individuals with intellectual disabilities.
C)advising individuals with intellectual disabilities.
D)planning everything for individuals with intellectual disabilities.

Question 45

Down syndrome is usually an inherited condition.

Question 46

If a person achieves a low score on an IQ test,this means that his or her adaptive skills are below average.

Question 47

Authorities believe that few cases of mild intellectual disabilities are caused by specific genetic syndromes.

Question 48

People with Prader-Willi syndrome inherited it from their father.

Question 49

Explain why the major professional organization for people with significant cognitive or intellectual disabilities changed its name from the American Association on Mental Retardation AAMR)to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities AAIDD).

Question 50

In supported competitive employment,a worker with intellectual disabilities has a competitive employment position and receives

A)incentive money.
B)ongoing assistance from a job coach.
C)sub-minimum wage.
D)pay from a social agency rather than from the employer.

Question 51

Most professionals agree that programming for transition to adulthood for students with intellectual disabilities should begin

A)at birth.
B)during the elementary years.
C)when students express interest in a vocation.
D)when the student enters high school.

Question 52

The most common know hereditary cause of intellectual disabilities is Fragile X syndrome.

Question 53

A motivational term referring to a condition wherein a person believes that no matter how hard he or she tries,failure will result is

A)outside locus of control.
B)self-defeatism.
C)learned helplessness.
D)self-determination.

Question 54

The ability to make personal choices,regulate one's own life,and be a self-advocate is called

A)self-determination.
B)self-reliance.
C)self-consciousness.
D)self-promotion.

Question 55

All of the following are TRUE of sheltered workshops EXCEPT

A)There is little,if any,integration with workers who are not disabled.
B)They usually offer repetitive work and limited job-training experiences.
C)They are run by business people to make a profit.
D)Clients are often paid very low wages.

Question 56

Research has consistently shown that students who are positively reinforced for correct responses learn faster.
5.3 Short

Question 57

Effective programs for transitioning students with intellectual disabilities to adulthood

A)use direct instruction in reading but not math.
B)focus on community adjustment and employment.
C)always involve behavior modification.
D)focus on mastering the general education curriculum.

Question 58

Long-term memory involves the ability to keep information in mind while simultaneously doing another cognitive task.

Question 59

Researchers have found that such things as the ability to manage money,prepare meals,maintain a clean house,and keep one's clothing and self well groomed are key factors for

A)functional academics.
B)elementary programming.
C)reaching a state of mindfulness and self-awareness.
D)community adjustment.

Question 60

Encephalitis results in intellectual disabilities,but meningitis does not.

Question 61

Discuss three advantages of supported competitive employment over sheltered workshops for individuals with intellectual disabilities.

Question 62

Discuss the difference in expected prevalence rates for intellectual disabilities based on the hypothetical normal curve of intelligence)and the actual prevalence figures.

Question 63

What is self-determination? Describe the four components of self-determination and discuss arguments for and against promoting self-determination.

Question 64

Distinguish between intelligence and adaptive behavior,giving examples of tasks that are representative of each.Why is adaptive behavior included in the definition of mental retardation?

Question 65

Write a scenario illustrating the kinds of social problems a person with an intellectual disability is likely to have.

Question 66

Describe what is meant by the phrase,"intellectual disability is a socially constructed condition."