Deck 38: RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

Question 1

The enzyme _________________ transcribes a single precursor that encodes for the 18S rRNA, the 28S rRNA, and the 5.8S rRNA.

Answer 1

RNA polymerase I

Question 2

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) poly(A) tail
b) methylation
c) alternative splicing
d) spliceosome
e) U2 and U6
f) U4, U5, and U6
g) spliced
h) translation
i) RNA editing
j) GU
k) ribozyme
l) RNA polymerase I
m) ATP
______________ transcription gives rise to three ribosomal components.

Answer 2

l

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) poly(A) tail
b) methylation
c) alternative splicing
d) spliceosome
e) U2 and U6
f) U4, U5, and U6
g) spliced
h) translation
i) RNA editing
j) GU
k) ribozyme
l) RNA polymerase I
m) ATP
mRNA precursors may be spliced by ______________ complexes.

Answer 3

d

Question 4

Improper splicing that leads to improper hemoglobin synthesis may cause the disease known as _________________.

Question 5

RNA self-splicing demonstrates the role of RNA as a(n) _________________.

Question 6

Diversity in proteins is due to _________________ of the same gene.

Question 7

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) poly(A) tail
b) methylation
c) alternative splicing
d) spliceosome
e) U2 and U6
f) U4, U5, and U6
g) spliced
h) translation
i) RNA editing
j) GU
k) ribozyme
l) RNA polymerase I
m) ATP
Introns to be spliced start with this sequence of ______________ .

Question 8

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) poly(A) tail
b) methylation
c) alternative splicing
d) spliceosome
e) U2 and U6
f) U4, U5, and U6
g) spliced
h) translation
i) RNA editing
j) GU
k) ribozyme
l) RNA polymerase I
m) ATP
______________ is/are elongated sequence(s) that stabilize(s) RNA.

Question 9

The percentage of diseases caused by mutations that affect mRNA splicing is:

A) 2
B) 15
C) 20
D) 30
E) None of the above.

Question 10

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) poly(A) tail
b) methylation
c) alternative splicing
d) spliceosome
e) U2 and U6
f) U4, U5, and U6
g) spliced
h) translation
i) RNA editing
j) GU
k) ribozyme
l) RNA polymerase I
m) ATP
Nearly all mRNA precursors in higher eukaryotes are ______________.

Question 11

The immediate product of RNA polymerase II is often referred to as _________________.

Question 12

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) poly(A) tail
b) methylation
c) alternative splicing
d) spliceosome
e) U2 and U6
f) U4, U5, and U6
g) spliced
h) translation
i) RNA editing
j) GU
k) ribozyme
l) RNA polymerase I
m) ATP
An RNA molecule that is catalytic is called a(n) ______________.

Question 13

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) poly(A) tail
b) methylation
c) alternative splicing
d) spliceosome
e) U2 and U6
f) U4, U5, and U6
g) spliced
h) translation
i) RNA editing
j) GU
k) ribozyme
l) RNA polymerase I
m) ATP
______________ is a common rRNA modification.

Question 14

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) poly(A) tail
b) methylation
c) alternative splicing
d) spliceosome
e) U2 and U6
f) U4, U5, and U6
g) spliced
h) translation
i) RNA editing
j) GU
k) ribozyme
l) RNA polymerase I
m) ATP
A change, other than splicing, made to the base sequence of RNA following transcription is called ______________.

Question 15

Recognition of the 5` splice site by _________________ is the first step in splicing.

Question 16

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) poly(A) tail
b) methylation
c) alternative splicing
d) spliceosome
e) U2 and U6
f) U4, U5, and U6
g) spliced
h) translation
i) RNA editing
j) GU
k) ribozyme
l) RNA polymerase I
m) ATP
______________: These small nuclear RNAs form the catalytic center of the spliceosome.

Question 17

At least __________ % of all genetic diseases are caused by mutations that affect RNA splicing.

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) poly(A) tail
b) methylation
c) alternative splicing
d) spliceosome
e) U2 and U6
f) U4, U5, and U6
g) spliced
h) translation
i) RNA editing
j) GU
k) ribozyme
l) RNA polymerase I
m) ATP
______________ is a mechanism of splicing that allows diversity in the proteins generated from a particular gene.

Question 19

Self-splicing by RNA requires a _________________ cofactor.

Question 20

The small subunit of ribosomal RNA is _________________ S.

Question 21

Diseases caused by mutations in pre-mRNA or in the splicing factors include:

A) Burkett lymphoma.
B) thalassemia.
C) retinitis pigmentosa.
D) A and C.
E) A, B, and C.

Question 22

mRNA is transcribed by:

A) RNA polymerase I.
B) RNA polymerase II.
C) RNA polymerase III.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 23

What is the function of the 5` cap on mRNA transcripts?

Question 24

Explain the modifications of tRNA.

Question 25

Proteins that possess alternative splicing products include:

A) antibodies.
B) hemoglobin β.
C) apolipoprotein.
D) A and C.
E) B and C.

Question 26

How is the mature 3` end of mRNA formed?

Question 27

Noncoding regions of RNA are called:

A) nonsense RNA.
B) empty RNA.
C) intron RNA.
D) exon RNA.
E) precursor RNA.

Question 28

RNA polymerase III is responsible for the transcription of:

A) 18S rRNA.
B) 28S rRNA.
C) tRNA.
D) mRNA.
E) A and B.

Question 29

Distinguish between the 5`-mRNA caps designated cap 0, cap 1, and cap 2.

Question 30

RNA polymerase I transcribes the genes for:

A) mRNA precursors.
B) 18S, 5.8S, and 28S rRNA.
C) most tRNA.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 31

Which of the following modifications are made to eukaryotic tRNA transcripts?

A) modification of base and ribose moieties
B) removal of the 3` trailer
C) cleavage of the 5` leader by RNase P
D) CCA is added.
E) All of the above.

Question 32

______________ is used to form cap 0 of mRNA.

A) S-adenosylmethionine
B) Cysteine
C) Biotin
D) Methanol
E) Dimethyl-RNA methylase

Question 33

The polypyrimadine tract:

A) is found at the 3` end of an intron.
B) is a consensus sequence.
C) contains a stretch of 10 pyrimidines.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 34

The function of guanosine in self-splicing is:

A) to provide energy.
B) as an attacking group.
C) as a necessary base for RNA editing.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 35

Two proteins, X and Y, are highly homologous with many identical domains. However, protein Y has two cassettes of amino acid sequences that are not found in X. Explain.

Question 36

What is the catalytic chemistry of mRNA splicing?

Question 37

How are introns detected for splicing?

Question 38

Guanosine cofactor is used in what mechanism?

Question 39

Loss of a 3` polyadenylation is likely to cause what?

Question 40

What role do small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins (snoRNPs) play in RNA processing?

Question 41

What is the role of GTP in self-splicing?

Question 42

What is present in the spliceosome complex?

Question 43

What are the two types of splicing categories?

Question 44

Approximately how many mRNA transcripts in higher eukaryotes undergo processing?