Deck 15: Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Question 1

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) O2
b) niacin
c) phototrophs
d) ATP
e) CO2
f) coenzyme A
g) vitamins
h) amphibolic
i) ADP
j) NADPH
k) chemotrophs
l) FAD
In aerobic organisms, the ultimate acceptor of electrons is/are ____________.

Answer 1

a

Question 2

_________________ is the process of building larger molecules from smaller ones.

Answer 2

Anabolism

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) O2
b) niacin
c) phototrophs
d) ATP
e) CO2
f) coenzyme A
g) vitamins
h) amphibolic
i) ADP
j) NADPH
k) chemotrophs
l) FAD
The ____________ is the "chemical currency" of metabolism.

Answer 3

d

Question 4

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) O2
b) niacin
c) phototrophs
d) ATP
e) CO2
f) coenzyme A
g) vitamins
h) amphibolic
i) ADP
j) NADPH
k) chemotrophs
l) FAD
____________ pathways can be either anabolic or catabolic, depending on the energy conditions of the cell.

Question 5

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) O2
b) niacin
c) phototrophs
d) ATP
e) CO2
f) coenzyme A
g) vitamins
h) amphibolic
i) ADP
j) NADPH
k) chemotrophs
l) FAD
The electron carrier, NADH, is derived from the ____________ vitamin.

Question 6

FAD is an electron carrier that is derived from the vitamin _________________.

Question 7

_________________ is the type of metabolism where useful energy is harvested.

Question 8

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) O2
b) niacin
c) phototrophs
d) ATP
e) CO2
f) coenzyme A
g) vitamins
h) amphibolic
i) ADP
j) NADPH
k) chemotrophs
l) FAD
____________ are organisms that obtain chemical energy from the oxidation of foodstuffs.

Question 9

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) O2
b) niacin
c) phototrophs
d) ATP
e) CO2
f) coenzyme A
g) vitamins
h) amphibolic
i) ADP
j) NADPH
k) chemotrophs
l) FAD
The electron donor in most reductive biosyntheses is ____________.

Question 10

ATP-generating (catabolic) pathways are inhibited by a _________________ energy charge.

Question 11

A thermodynamically unfavorable reaction can be driven by a thermodynamically favorable reaction to which it is _________________.

Question 12

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) O2
b) niacin
c) phototrophs
d) ATP
e) CO2
f) coenzyme A
g) vitamins
h) amphibolic
i) ADP
j) NADPH
k) chemotrophs
l) FAD
____________ are organisms that use energy from sunlight and convert it to chemical energy.

Question 13

One way that metabolism is regulated is through control of the accessibility of _________________.

Question 14

In the cell, the hydrolysis of an ATP molecule in a coupled reaction changes the equilibrium ratio of products to reactants by a factor of _________________.

Question 15

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) O2
b) niacin
c) phototrophs
d) ATP
e) CO2
f) coenzyme A
g) vitamins
h) amphibolic
i) ADP
j) NADPH
k) chemotrophs
l) FAD
The small organic compounds, ____________, are required in the diet of higher organisms and are components of coenzymes.

Question 16

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) O2
b) niacin
c) phototrophs
d) ATP
e) CO2
f) coenzyme A
g) vitamins
h) amphibolic
i) ADP
j) NADPH
k) chemotrophs
l) FAD
In aerobic metabolism, the product of oxidation of carbon containing fuels is/are ____________.

Question 17

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
a) O2
b) niacin
c) phototrophs
d) ATP
e) CO2
f) coenzyme A
g) vitamins
h) amphibolic
i) ADP
j) NADPH
k) chemotrophs
l) FAD
____________: This compound serves as an acyl carrier in metabolism.

Question 18

In vertebrate muscle, _________________ serves as a reservoir of high-potential phosphoryl groups that can be readily transferred to ADP to regenerate ATP.

Question 19

The acetyl group is attached to coenzyme A by a(n) _________________ bond.

Question 20

ATP is considered an "energy rich" compound because it contains two ______________ bonds.

Question 21

Which is the correct coenzyme-carrier pair?

A) NADH: acyl
B) tetrahydrofolate: electrons
C) coenzyme A: acyl
D) lipoamide: aldehyde
E) thiamine pyrophosphate: glucose

Question 22

Metabolic processes are regulated by:

A) transcriptional regulation of the amount of enzyme.
B) allosteric control of enzyme activity.
C) the accessibility of substrates by compartmentalization.
D) A and B.
E) A, B, and C.

Question 23

The reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide is:

A) FADH.
B) FAD.
C) FADH++.
D) FADH2.
E) None of the above.

Question 24

Which of the following molecules has a higher phosphoryl-transfer potential than ATP?

A) phosphoenolpyruvate
B) creatine phosphate
C) 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
D) A and B
E) A, B, and C

Question 25

The reaction pathways that transform fuels into cellular energy are:

A) anabolic.
B) catabolic.
C) ametabolic.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 26

Which activated carrier(s) contain(s) adenosine phosphate units?

A) NADH
B) FADH2
C) coenzyme A
D) A and B
E) A, B, and C

Question 27

Pantothenate kinase associated degeneration:

A) is a predominantly neurological disorder.
B) can cause anemia.
C) effects tissues that are dependent on aerobic metabolism.
D) A and C.
E) A, B, and C.

Question 28

Which energy source is used to regenerate ATP from ADP and Pi?

A) oxidation of carbon to CO2
B) electrochemical potential of stored glycogen
C) reduction of pyruvate to lactate
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 29

What are the two criteria that must be satisfied by a biochemical pathway?

Question 30

What are the major purpose(s) for which organisms require energy?

A) the performance of mechanical work
B) active transport
C) the synthesis of biomolecules
D) A and C
E) A, B, and C

Question 31

Which of the following is an example of an oxidation reaction?

A)
B)
C)
D) Ala-Ser + H2O → Ala + Ser
E) None of the above.

Question 32

Why are fats a more efficient fuel source than carbohydrates?

Question 33

The metabolic pathways that require energy and are often biosynthetic processes are:

A) anabolic.
B) catabolic/
C) ametabolic.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

Question 34

The electron carrier(s) that include(s) ATP is/are:

A) NAD+.
B) FAD.
C) FMN.
D) A and B.
E) A, B, and C.

Question 35

Some of the mechanisms by which enzyme catalytic activity is controlled are:

A) allosteric control.
B) feedback inhibition.
C) covalent modification.
D) A and C.
E) A, B, and C.

Question 36

Which of the following is the electron donor used for reductive biosynthesis?

A) NADH
B) NADPH
C) FADH2
D) CoA-SH
E) ATP

Question 37

What general factors contribute to the high phosphoryl-transfer potential of ATP?

Question 38

How much ATP is used daily by a typical human? How is it regenerated?

Question 39

Explain how a metabolic pathway can contain an energetically unfavorable reaction yet still occur.

Question 40

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

Question 41

If many compounds are common to both anabolic and catabolic paths, how can metabolism be controlled?

Question 42

How is metabolism controlled?

Question 43

How are metabolic processes unified? How can you use this to help learn and understand biochemistry?

Question 44

Compare ATP to acetyl CoA.

Question 45

What is the relationship between the energy charge of a cell and control of the ATP-generating pathway?

Question 46

List five activated carriers in metabolism, and give the vitamins that are the precursors of these carriers.

Question 47

What is an activated carrier? Provide two examples.