Deck 6: Functions and an Introduction to Recursion

Question 1

To make numeric literals more readable, C++14 allows you to insert between groups of digits in numeric literals the digit separator ' (a single-quote character).

A) , (a comma)
B) ^ (a caret)
C) ' (a single quote)
D) * (an asterisk)

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following C++ Standard Library headers does not contain a C++ Standard Library container class?

A) .
B) .
C) .
D) .

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following expressions returns the trigonometric sine of x?

A) sin(x).
B) sine(x).
C) trig_sin(x).
D) trig_sine(x).

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The rand function generates a data value of the type:

A) unsigned int.
B) int.
C) long int.
D) short int.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a valid enumeration?

A) enum class Person {ME, YOU, THEM};.
B) enum class Person {ME = 1, YOU = 2, THEM = 3};.
C) enum class Person {ME = 0, YOU = 0, THEM = 0};.
D) enum class Person {ME, YOU, ME};.

Question 6

Functions can:

A) Be used as building blocks to create new programs.
B) Return a result to the caller function.
C) Be reused any number of times.
D) Do all of the above.

Question 7

The function prototype double mySqrt(int x);

A) Declares a function called mySqrt which takes an integer as an argument and returns a double.
B) Defines a function called double which calculates square roots.
C) Defines a function called mySqrt which takes an argument of type x and returns a double.
D) Declares a function called mySqrt which takes a double as an argument and returns an integer.

Question 8

Which of the following is true?

A) C++ does not provide any capabilities for generating random numbers that cannot be predicted.
B) C++11 provides random number capabilities that can produce nondeterministic random numbers-a set of random numbers that can't be predicted.
C) Random numbers produced by the rand function are nondeterministic.
D) None of the above.

Question 9

A variable that can have values only in the range 0 to 65535 is a:

A) Four-byte int.
B) Four-byte unsigned int.
C) Two-byte int.
D) Two-byte unsigned int.

Question 10

A function prototype does not have to:

A) Include parameter names.
B) Terminate with a semicolon.
C) Agree with the function definition.
D) Match with all calls to the function.

Question 11

Each standard library has a corresponding:

A) Function.
B) Variable type.
C) Header.
D) CD-ROM.

Question 12

All of the following are true of functions except:

A) They define specific tasks that can be used at many points in a program.
B) A function call must specify the name and arguments of the function.
C) The definition of a function usually is visible to other functions.
D) The implementation of a function is hidden from the caller.

Question 13

Which of the following is not included in ?

A) pow.
B) floor.
C) ln.
D) log.

Question 14

Converting from type ________ to type ________ will result in the loss of data.

A) bool, char.
B) float, double.
C) int, char.
D) short, long.

Question 15

A function prototype can always be omitted when:

A) A function is defined before it is first invoked.
B) A function is invoked before it is first defined.
C) A function takes no arguments.
D) A function does not return a value.

Question 16

Using the following function definition, the parameter list is represented by: A B (C)
{
D
}

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.

Question 17

[C++11] Which of the following statements about scoped enumerations is false?

A) A scoped enumeration is introduced by the keywords enum class, followed by a type name and a set of identifiers representing integer constants.
B) The identifiers in an enum class must be unique, but separate enumeration constants can have the same integer value.
C) By convention, you should capitalize the first letter of an enum class's name.
D) To reference a scoped enum constant, you must qualify the constant with the scoped enum's type name and the scope-resolution operator (:), as in MaritalStatus:SINGLE.

Question 18

Enumeration constants:

A) Must have unique integer values.
B) Can be assigned other values once they've been defined.
C) Must have unique identifiers.
D) Are declared using the keyword const.

Question 19

In the expression n = x + rand() % y;

A) y is the shifting value.
B) x is the scaling value.
C) y is the scaling value.
D) Both (a) and (b).

Question 20

The argument list of a function call must match, or be consistent with, the parameter list of the called function in all of the following details, except:

A) The number of arguments/parameters in the list.
B) The types of arguments/parameters in the list.
C) The names of arguments/parameters in the list.
D) The argument list and parameter list must match in all of the above details.

Question 21

A reference parameter:

A) Is an alias for its corresponding argument.
B) Is declared by following the parameter's type in the function prototype by an ampersand (&).
C) Cannot be modified.
D) Both (a) and (b).

Question 22

Overloaded functions must have:

A) Different parameter lists.
B) Different return types.
C) The same number of parameters.
D) The same number of default arguments.

Question 23

Which of the following is not included in a function's activation record?

A) The return address of its caller function.
B) Parameter values received from its caller.
C) Local variables it has declared.
D) The name of the function.

Question 24

An activation record will be popped off the function call stack whenever:

A) A function returns control to its caller.
B) A function calls another function.
C) A function calls itself.
D) A function declares a local variable.

Question 25

Call-by-reference can achieve the security of call-by-value when:

A) The value being passed is small.
B) A large argument is passed in order to improve performance.
C) A pointer to the argument is used.
D) The const qualifier is used.

Question 26

If a set of functions have the same program logic and operations and differ only in the data type(s) each receives as argument(s) then a(n) __________ should be used.

A) Overloaded function.
B) Recursive function.
C) Macro.
D) Function template.

Question 27

Given the following function template template
T maximum(T value1, T value2)
{
If (value1 > value2) {
Return value1;
}
Else {
Return value2;
}
}
What would be returned by the following two function calls?
Maximum(2, 5);
Maximum(2.3, 5.2);

A) 5 and a type-mismatch error.
B) 5 and 5.2.
C) 2 and 2.3.
D) Two error messages.

Question 28

When an argument is passed-by-value, changes in the called function __________ affect the original variable's value; when an argument is passed call-by-reference, changes in the called function __________ affect the original variable's value.

A) Do not, do.
B) Do not, do not.
C) Do, do.
D) Do, do not.

Question 29

If the function int volume(int x = 1, int y = 1, int z = 1); is called by the expression volume(3), how many default arguments are used?

A) None.
B) One.
C) Two.
D) Three.

Question 30

Labels are the only identifiers with:

A) Function scope.
B) File scope.
C) Block scope.
D) Function-prototype scope.

Question 31

The unary scope resolution operator is used:

A) To access a global variable when a local variable of the same name is in scope.
B) To access any variable in an outer block when a local variable of the same name is in scope.
C) To access a global variable when it is out of scope.
D) To access a local variable with the same name as a global variable.

Question 32

In regards to default arguments, which of the following is false?

A) When an argument is omitted in a function call, the default value of that argument is automatically inserted by the compiler and passed in the function call.
B) They must be the rightmost (trailing) arguments in a function's parameter list.
C) Default values can be constants.
D) Default values cannot be global variables or function calls.

Question 33

The inline keyword:

A) Increases function-call overhead.
B) Can reduce a function's execution time but increase program size.
C) Can decrease program size but increase the function's execution time.
D) Should be used with all frequently used functions.

Question 34

Type-safe linkage is ensured by:

A) Name mangling.
B) Calling the correct function.
C) The agreement of the arguments and parameters.
D) Specifying return types.

Question 35

Which of the following statements creates a uniform_int_distribution object for producing values in the range -10 to 20?

A) uniform_int_distribution randomInt{20, -10};
B) uniform_int_distribution randomInt{-10, 20};
C) uniform_int_distribution randomInt{20, -10};
D) uniform_int_distribution randomInt{-10, 20};

Question 36

Which of the following is true of function templates?

A) All function templates begin with the keyword class.
B) Every formal type parameter is preceded by either keyword typename or template.
C) Formal type parameters act as placeholders for built-in types or user-defined types and are used to specify the types of arguments to the function, to specify the return type of the function, and to declare variables within the body of the function definition.
D) A programmer must define a separate function template for each template function specialization to be used in the program.

Question 37

[C++11]-Which of the following statements is false?

A) An enumeration's constants have integer values.
B) An unscoped enum's underlying type is independent of its constants' values but is guaranteed to be large enough to store those values.
C) A scoped enum's underlying integral type is int, but you can specify a different type by following the type name with a colon (:) and the integral type. For example, we can specify that the constants in the enum class Status should have type unsigned int, as in enum class Status : unsigned int {CONTINUE, WON, LOST};
D) A compilation error occurs if an enum constant's value is outside the range that can be represented by the enum's underlying type.

Question 38

Which of the following is false?

A) An engine implements a random-number generation algorithm that produce pseudorandom numbers.
B) A distribution controls the range of values produced by an engine, the types of those and the statistical properties of the values.
C) The default range of a uniform_int_distribution is from 0 to 32767.
D) C++11 provides many classes that represent various random-number generation engines and distributions.

Question 39

What happens when two blocks, one nested inside of the other, both declare variables with the same identifier? (Assume that the outer block declares its variable before the opening left-brace of the inner block.)

A) A syntax error occurs.
B) The "outer" variable is hidden while the "inner" variable is in scope.
C) The "outer" variable is irretrievably lost when the "inner" variable is declared.
D) The "inner" declaration is ignored and the "outer" variable has scope even inside the inner block.

Question 40

Which of the following does the C++ compiler not examine in order to select the proper overloaded function to call?

A) Types and order of the arguments in the function call.
B) The number of arguments in the function call.
C) The return type of the function.
D) It examines all of the above.

Question 41

Recursion is memory-intensive because:

A) Recursive functions tend to declare many local variables.
B) Previous function calls are still open when the function calls itself and the activation records of these previous calls still occupy space on the call stack.
C) Many copies of the function code are created.
D) It requires large data values.

Question 42

What value does function mystery return when called with a value of 4? int mystery (int number)
{
If (number <= 1) {
Return 1;
}
Else {
Return number * mystery(number - 1);
}
}

A) 0.
B) 1.
C) 4.
D) 24.

Question 43

A recursive function is a function that:

A) Returns a double.
B) Takes 3 arguments.
C) Calls itself, directly or indirectly.
D) Is inside of another function.

Question 44

For which of the following operators does C++ not specify the order of evaluation of its operands?

A) +.
B) &&.
C) ,.
D) ?:.

Question 45

C++11's unsigned long long int type (which can be abbreviated as unsigned long long) enables you to store values in at least ________, which can hold numbers as large as 18,446,744,073,709,551,615.

A) 2 bytes (16 bits)
B) 4 bytes (32 bits)
C) 8 bytes (64 bits)
D) 16 bytes (128 bits)

Question 46

Recursion is to the base case as iteration is to what:

A) The counter.
B) A repetition structure.
C) Failure of the loop continuation test.
D) A selection structure.

Question 47

Assuming the following pseudocode for the Fibonacci series, what is the value of the 5^th Fibonacci number (fibonacci (5))? fibonacci(0) = 0
Fibonacci(1) = 1
Fibonacci(n) = fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)

A) 1.
B) 3.
C) 5.
D) 7.

Question 48

All of the following are reasons to use recursion except:

A) An iterative solution is not apparent.
B) The resulting program is easier to debug.
C) It more naturally mirrors the problem.
D) It maximizes execution performance.