Deck 1: Introduction and Historical Overview

Question 1

The best definition of mental disorder takes all of the following into account EXCEPT:

A)personal distress.
B)violation of social norms.
C)disability.
D)syndromes.

Answer 1

syndromes.

Question 2

Which of the following acts is (are)the closest we have gotten to true parity?

A)Federal Mental Health Parity Act
B)Paul Wellstone Mental Health Parity Act
C)Addiction Equity Act
D)both b and c

Answer 2

both b and c

Question 3

Demonology is the

A)practice of exorcism.
B)devil worship and satanic cults that some ascribed to causing mental illness.
C)idea that an evil being may live in a person and control his or her mind and body.
D)practice of drilling a hole in a person's head to allow evil spirits to escape.

Answer 3

idea that an evil being may live in a person and control his or her mind and body.

Question 4

The 1996 __________ required that insurance companies cover mental illness at the same level as other illnesses.

A)Federal Mental Health Parity Act
B)Paul Wellstone Mental Health Parity Act
C)Addiction Equity Act
D)Americans with Disabilities Act

Question 5

After presenting characteristics of mental disorder,the text concludes that

A)research is needed to identify which characteristic is best.
B)different characteristics apply to various psychopathologies.
C)personal distress is the most useful characteristic.
D)together the characteristics give a comprehensive definition of abnormality.

Question 6

The textbook chapter opens with a clinical case study about Felicia.In this scenario Felicia had very few friends and was often teased.What was it that eventually made her life easier?

A)Felicia was diagnosed as having ADHD and received effective treatment.
B)Felicia was taught to keep her mouth shut during class.
C)Felicia was diagnosed as having schizophrenia and was successfully treated and cured.
D)Felicia was transferred to a school for those with behavioral disorders.

Question 7

Hippocrates influenced psychology by

A)distinguishing medicine from religion and magic.
B)debunking the notion that the four humors were related to disorders.
C)reforming mental hospitals.
D)suggesting mental illness was punishment from God.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of stigma?

A)A label applied to a group of people that distinguishes them from others.
B)A label applied to a group of people that breaks the law.
C)The label is linked to deviant or undesirable attributes by society.
D)People with the label face unfair discrimination.

Question 9

Students often have __________,which makes it difficult to remain objective when learning about psychopathology.

A)diagnoses
B)fears
C)insecurities
D)preconceived notions

Question 10

The DSM-5's definition of "mental disorder" involves all of the following criteria EXCEPT it:

A)occurs within multiple individuals.
B)involves dysfunction.
C)is not primarily a result of social deviance.
D)is not culturally specific reaction to an event.

Question 11

Defining mental disorder on the basis of personal distress is problematic for which reason?

A)High levels of distress and suffering are normal in modern society.
B)Some mental disorders do not involve personal distress.
C)It ignores the suffering that family members of disturbed people experience.
D)It does not apply to physiological disorders.

Question 12

Cindy is an accomplished lawyer who sought psychological help in dealing with the stresses of balancing work and family responsibilities.Which definition of mental disorder applies to Cindy?

A)harmful dysfunction.
B)violation of social norms.
C)personal distress.
D)disability.

Question 13

Which of the following is (are)our best hope for reducing the stigma against those diagnosed with a psychological disorder?

A)Increase contact
B)Increase education
C)Increase equality legislation
D)All of the above

Question 14

The textbook chapter opens with a clinical case study about Jack,a young man who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia.In the scenario,Jack applied to get an apartment and the landlord

A)accepted him as long as he was on his medication.
B)denied him the apartment because he thought Jack might be violent.
C)denied him the apartment because Jack would be unsupervised.
D)accepted him as long as he had a guardian to look after him.

Question 15

Which is a limitation of "harmful dysfunction" as a definition of mental disorder?

A)It ignores the personal suffering of disturbed individuals.
B)Many dysfunctional mechanisms are not harmful.
C)Harmful dysfunction also has an impact on others.
D)The dysfunctional mechanisms are largely unknown.

Question 16

The field concerned with the nature,development,and treatment of mental disorders is called

A)psychopathology
B)psychotherapy
C)psychoanalysis
D)all of the above

Question 17

Hippocrates suggested which of the following treatments for mental illness?

A)application of leaches.
B)herbal remedies.
C)prayer and chants by faith healers.
D)care in choosing food and drink.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT an organization established to educate and offer support to those diagnosed with a psychological disorder?

A)National Alliance on Mental Illness
B)BringChange2Mind
C)Patients Like Me
D)Mad4Life

Question 19

The destructive beliefs and attitudes held by a society that are ascribed to groups considered different in some manner,such as people with mental illness are called

A)disorders
B)stigmas.
C)preconceived notions.
D)discriminative categories.

Question 20

Hippocrates' early views on mental health contributed to an enduring emphasis on

A)natural causes.
B)spirituality.
C)humors.
D)classification.

Question 21

Which of the following best describes treatment of disordered people during the Dark Ages?

A)Monks in monasteries prayed over them.
B)They were chained in early asylums.
C)They were condemned as witches and tortured.
D)They were given bed rest,fed simple foods,and forced to subscribe to clean living.

Question 22

The 'Malleus Maleficarum' was a

A)witch-hunt manual.
B)ceremonial guide used by witches.
C)treatment manual used in early mental hospitals.
D)Freudian perspective on mental illness.

Question 23

The word 'lunacy' comes from a theory espoused by Paracelsus,who attributed odd behavior to

A)the effects of a full moon.
B)drinking witches brew.
C)a misalignment of the moon and stars.
D)witchcraft.

Question 24

Edith was accused of being a witch in 1532.She most likely lived in

A)Russia.
B)China.
C)Europe.
D)Japan.

Question 25

Dorothea Dix is famous for

A)greatly improving the standard of care for people with mental illness.
B)overseeing the creation of thirty-two state hospitals for the mentally ill.
C)providing moral treatment to many people with mental illness.
D)all of the above.

Question 26

In 1791,John was committed to an asylum in the United States.Which treatment was he likely to experience there?

A)group therapy
B)bloodletting
C)moral treatment
D)hypnosis

Question 27

Moral treatment involved

A)herbal remedies that may have been toxic.
B)fighting social inequities.
C)encouraging patients to engage in purposeful activities.
D)frightening the individual.

Question 28

Treatment for the mentally ill became more humane when

A)patients were provided individual attention.
B)asylums were abolished.
C)abnormal behavior was seen as based upon medical problems.
D)specialty hospital wards were created for the mentally ill within general care facilities.

Question 29

Who is associated with creating more humane environments at mental hospitals?

A)Emil Kraepelin
B)Joseph Breuer
C)Philippe Pinel
D)John Watson

Question 30

The germ theory of disease

A)showed the link between syphilis and mental illness.
B)explained the cause of schizophrenia and depression.
C)disproved the biological hypotheses.
D)showed the link between influenza and adjustment disorder.

Question 31

General paresis is best described as

A)an early term for schizophrenia.
B)hysterical paralysis with no medical cause.
C)a deterioration of mental and physical health associated with syphilis.
D)a bloodletting technique.

Question 32

The germ theory of disease,which states that disease is caused by infection of the body by tiny organisms,was put forth by

A)Emil Kraepelin.
B)Franz Anton Mesmer.
C)Jean Charcot.
D)Louis Pasteur.

Question 33

In comparison to early asylums,present-day mental hospitals

A)provide a great deal of stimulation.
B)provide intensive individual therapy.
C)provide for just basic needs and medication.
D)are well-staffed with nurses and psychiatrists,but have few psychologists.

Question 34

Early asylums were developed

A)for the confinement and care of the mentally ill.
B)to protect people from witch hunts.
C)after the discovery of syphilis.
D)centuries before leprosy hospitals.

Question 35

Elizabeth was receiving moral treatment while in an early asylum.Which of the following treatments was she LEAST likely to receive?

A)medication
B)physical restraints
C)purposeful activities
D)work-related tasks

Question 36

"Moral treatment" was largely abandoned because of the development of

A)psychoanalysis.
B)improved medications.
C)large impersonal hospitals.
D)scandals at retreat centers.

Question 37

Bedlam

A)originated from observations of ritualistic chantings of 'witches'.
B)was a common practice of witches that involved trances and casting spells.
C)is the term associated with the chaotic conditions at early asylums.
D)is the practice of prescribing total bed rest for mentally ill people.

Question 38

A detailed re-examination of the witch hunts during the Middle Ages revealed that

A)Most of the accused were not mentally ill.
B)Mental illness was more common during that time period.
C)Most witches were psychotic.
D)Many more men than women were accused,tortured and put to death.

Question 39

The discovery of the cause of syphilis was important to the field of mental illness for which reason?

A)Syphilis was widely feared and exacerbated mental illness.
B)It increased interest in determining biological causes for mental illness.
C)More asylum patients were diagnosed with syphilis.
D)It highlighted the need for valid diagnostic systems.

Question 40

Which of the following suggests that many "witches" condemned during the Inquisition were,in fact,mentally disordered individuals?

A)The inquisitors themselves read letters from witches.
B)The witches were typically from lower social classes.
C)The witches "confessed" to delusions and hallucinations.
D)The witches were labeled insane by the courts of the times.

Question 41

The reasoning behind hypnosis as developed by Mesmer was that

A)changing magnetic fluid in his patients would result in symptom reduction.
B)relaxation was a sufficient treatment for alleviating symptoms.
C)frightening patients would result in symptom reduction.
D)faith in the healer caused healing.

Question 42

According to Freud's theory,the superego develops from the

A)id.
B)ego.
C)emergence of defense mechanisms.
D)conflicts in the Oedipal stage.

Question 43

The eugenics movement

A)was a direct result of the germ theory of disease.
B)sought to cleanse society of people with undesirable characteristics.
C)classified mental disorders according to their genesis.
D)sought to abolish ECT treatments.

Question 44

The ego operates according to the __________ principle.

A)reality
B)Oedipal
C)Electra
D)pleasure

Question 45

Which is TRUE regarding catharsis?

A)It is a moral therapy method.
B)It was initiated by Pinel.
C)It consists of drawing blood from a patient.
D)It encourages the release of emotional tension.

Question 46

The cathartic method was created by

A)Sigmund Freud.
B)Josef Breuer.
C)Jean Martin Charcot.
D)Richard von Krafft-Ebing.

Question 47

The id,ego,and superego are

A)structures of the mind.
B)orders in a developmental sequence.
C)biological drives.
D)brain structures.

Question 48

The psychoanalytic theory rests upon the assumption that psychopathology is the result of

A)incomplete superego development.
B)unconscious conflicts.
C)ego defense mechanisms.
D)over control of the pleasure principle.

Question 49

Which structure involves activity of the unconscious?

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)all of the above

Question 50

If you went to Josef Breuer for treatment of hysterical paralysis,which treatment would you probably NOT receive?

A)hypnosis
B)free association
C)talk therapy
D)medication

Question 51

Which of the following is true about ECT?

A)It is used today to effectively treat patients with severe depression.
B)Today it is primarily used in the treatment of epilepsy.
C)It destroys the tracts connecting the frontal lobes to the lower centers of the brain.
D)ECT practices ceased to exist after the introduction of the lobotomy.

Question 52

The basic energy source for the psyche is the

A)id.
B)ego.
C)superego.
D)Oedipus complex.

Question 53

When you feel hungry and immediately seek out food,this is an example of the __________ acting.

A)superego
B)ego
C)id
D)projection

Question 54

Hypnosis,as originally used by Mesmer,was used for

A)mild exorcism.
B)uncovering early child abuse.
C)acting as an anesthetic.
D)treating hysteria.

Question 55

An adherent for biological approaches would suggest which of the following treatments for depression?

A)antidepressant medication
B)psychotherapy
C)relaxation therapy
D)hypnosis

Question 56

Esther was a patient of Mesmer,who was treating her for blindness.What was the likely scenario when she entered his treatment room?

A)a quiet room,with a soft reclining chair
B)a 'bleeding device' used to drain blood believed to be in excess that resulted in psychogenic blindness
C)a stock of chemical-filled rods,with Mesmer presiding over the room
D)a sterile,well-lit room with several doctors in white laboratory coats

Question 57

Early work in behavior genetics led to

A)electroconvulsive therapy.
B)the cure for general paresis.
C)reduced interest in psychoanalysis.
D)forced sterilization of mental patients.

Question 58

Dr.Jones encourages her clients,under hypnosis,to recall childhood traumas and the emotions associated with them.This technique was developed by

A)Josef Breuer.
B)Carl Jung.
C)Fritz Perls.
D)Franz Mesmer.

Question 59

Breuer observed an association between recalling past traumatic events and expression of the original emotion in hysterics.This resulted in

A)increased hysteria.
B)decreased hysteria.
C)the emergence of new symptoms.
D)the repression of emotions.

Question 60

Dealing with reality is the primary role of the

A)id.
B)ego.
C)superego.
D)preconscious.

Question 61

As part of therapy,you are asked to lie on a couch and say anything that comes to mind.This is called

A)interpretation.
B)transference.
C)real analysis.
D)free association.

Question 62

The psychosexual stage in which the id does not play a major role is the __________ stage.

A)anal
B)phallic
C)latency
D)oral

Question 63

According to Freud,people who are fixated at the __________ stage are overly dependent upon others.

A)oral
B)anal
C)phallic
D)genital

Question 64

Adler developed a theory of psychoanalytic thought oriented towards

A)psychoticism.
B)doing things for the social good.
C)overt behavior change.
D)all of the above.

Question 65

The ego uses __________ to protect itself from anxiety.

A)the libido.
B)defense mechanisms.
C)the superego.
D)the id.

Question 66

When one refers to their conscience,they are also describing their

A)id.
B)ego.
C)superego.
D)ego defenses.

Question 67

You begin to regard your therapist in a similar way to your sister so you begin to treat the therapist as you treat your sister.This is referred to as

A)countertransference.
B)identification.
C)transference.
D)projection.

Question 68

The correct developmental order of Freud's psychosexual stages is

A)anal,oral,latency,phallic,genital
B)oral,anal,phallic,latency,genital
C)latency,anal,oral,genital,phallic
D)phallic,oral,genital,anal,latency

Question 69

Which of the following papers was drawn from Freud's clinical observations of those suffering from depression?

A)Mourning and Melancholia
B)Repression and Depression
C)Frustration of the Id
D)Depression Manifesto

Question 70

Which of the following psychodynamic assumptions is NOT considered true today?

A)Childhood experiences help shape adult personality.
B)There are unconscious influences on behavior.
C)The causes and purposes of human behavior are not always obvious.
D)Sexual drives are key in the development of the self.

Question 71

Dr.Smith argues that the desire to hunt is built into all men dating back to the times of cave men.Dr.Smith is relying on the concept of

A)positive reinforcement.
B)collective unconscious.
C)self-actualization.
D)sublimation.

Question 72

Fixation at a particular stage,according to Freud,results in

A)difficulties in determining the nature of the conflicts when the person enters analysis.
B)a sexually unresponsive individual.
C)an inability to develop further.
D)regression to that stage when stressed later in life.

Question 73

The superego allows us to

A)be capable of rational thought.
B)know right from wrong.
C)act in line with reality.
D)be spontaneous.

Question 74

Conflicts from a particular stage of development,according to Freud,will

A)be completely ignored.
B)be unimportant in later stages.
C)continue to affect development.
D)be important only when one is informed of the specific conflict.

Question 75

According to Freud,what is the most important determinant of behavior?

A)conscious
B)pre-conscious
C)unconscious
D)all of the above are equally important

Question 76

During which psychosexual stage did Freud say the roots of depression were formed?

A)anal
B)latency
C)phallic
D)oral

Question 77

While studying for an exam,Greg worked for 15 minutes before becoming tired.He decided that it would be better to work for another 30 minutes before taking a break.His behavior is being guided by which part of his personality?

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)ego defense

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT a technique in psychoanalytic psychotherapy?

A)transference.
B)free association.
C)interpretation.
D)cognitive reappraisal.

Question 79

Carol is trying to decide whether to drink alcohol,knowing that her parents are strongly opposed to drinking.According to Freudian theory,Carol's struggle is between her __________,which makes her want to drink,and her __________,which discourages her from drinking.

A)id; superego
B)ego; superego
C)id; ego
D)superego; ego

Question 80

According to the __________ theory,at each developmental stage a different part of the body is most sensitive to sexual excitation and,therefore,the most capable of satisfying the id.

A)psychosexual
B)psychodynamic
C)sexualization
D)none of the above