Deck 3: Cellular Level of Organization

Question 1

-In Figure 3-1,which structure is water most likely to pass through?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)8

Answer 1

3

Question 2

-In Figure 3-1,which molecule is a combination of a sugar and a lipid?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)5
E)6

Answer 2

1

Question 3

________ increase surface area to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials.

A)Microvilli
B)Cilia
C)Centrioles
D)Endoplasmic reticulum
E)Mitochondria

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Anchoring proteins

A)attach the plasma membrane to other structures in the cell.
B)are detected by immune cells.
C)have enzymatic functions.
D)transport solutes across plasma membrane.
E)permit the passage of water and small solutes.

Question 5

Which of the following organelles neutralizes toxic compound during cell metabolism?

A)microvilli
B)peroxisome
C)centrioles
D)ribosomes
E)mitochondria

Question 6

Which of the following organelles damages pathogens?

A)cilia
B)peroxisomes
C)lysosomes
D)ribosomes
E)nucleus

Question 7

All of the following are correct about integral protein,except

A)they are part of the membrane structure.
B)they contain channels for the passage of water and solutes.
C)they span the width of the plasma membrane at least one time.
D)they are bound to the inner surface of plasma membrane.
E)they outnumber peripheral proteins.

Question 8

Which of the following organelles produces 95% of cell ATP?

A)lysosome
B)peroxisome
C)mitochondria
D)microvilli
E)ribosomes

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a membranous organelle?

A)microvilli
B)cilia
C)centrioles
D)ribosomes
E)mitochondria

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a nonmembranous organelle?

A)nucleus
B)cilia
C)endoplasmic reticulum
D)peroxisomes
E)mitochondria

Question 11

Which organelle synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates?

A)nucleus
B)Golgi apparatus
C)mitochondria
D)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E)rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

Which of the following is not part of cell theory?

A)Cells are the building blocks of all plants.
B)All new cells come from the division of pre-existing cells.
C)All cells differentiate into specialized cell types.
D)Cells are the building blocks of all animals.
E)Cells are the smallest units that carry out all vital physiological functions.

Question 13

Which one of the following best defines differentiation?

A)the process of gradual structural and functional specialization of daughter cells
B)cell growth
C)fertilization of ovum by sperm
D)maintenance of homeostasis at cellular level
E)coordinated action of different cells

Question 14

Which of the following organelles has ribosomes bound to its membrane?

A)plasma membrane
B)nucleus
C)mitochondria
D)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E)rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

-In Figure 3-1,which structure is related to glycocalyx?

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)7
E)8

Question 16

-In Figure 3-1,microfilaments are labeled with which number?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)5
E)6

Question 17

Stacks of cisternae that store,alter,and package synthesized products are called

A)smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
B)nucleus.
C)mitochondria.
D)Golgi apparatus.
E)rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 18

-In Figure 3-1,which molecule is the peripheral protein?

A)1
B)7
C)3
D)2
E)8

Question 19

Which of the following is correct regarding cytoplasm?

A)It is the solid component of the cell.
B)It is located between the cells.
C)It contains less proteins than does extracellular fluid.
D)It contains cytosol and organelles.
E)Cytoplasm is also called interstitial fluid.

Question 20

Channels

A)attach the plasma membrane to other structures in the cell.
B)are detected by immune cells.
C)have enzymatic functions.
D)transport solutes across plasma membrane.
E)permit the passage of water and small solutes.

Question 21

Which of the following is correct about peripheral proteins?

A)They are bound to the inner or outer surface of plasma membrane.
B)They have regulatory functions.
C)They are also called transmembrane proteins.
D)They span the width of the plasma membrane at least one time.
E)They outnumber integral proteins.

Question 22

Which of following properties of the cytoskeleton is false?

A)It supports organelles.
B)It controls cell shape.
C)It provides cell strength.
D)It is made of cytobones.
E)It moves organelles.

Question 23

Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins?

A)bind to ligands
B)regulate the passage of water and small solutes
C)act as carrier molecules for various solutes
D)act as anchors or stabilizers for the cell membrane
E)serve as cell nutrients

Question 24

Ribosomes are composed of protein and

A)rRNA.
B)mRNA.
C)tRNA.
D)DNA.
E)mDNA.

Question 25

The cylindrical shaped organelle with nine groups of microtubule triplets is called

A)microfilaments.
B)cilia.
C)microsomes.
D)centrioles.
E)thick filaments.

Question 26

Examination of a sample of glandular cells reveals an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.Which of the following is the likeliest product of these cells?

A)digestive enzymes
B)steroid hormones
C)protein hormones
D)transport proteins
E)antibodies

Question 27

Which of the following cytoskeleton components moves the chromosomes during cell division?

A)microfilaments
B)intermediate filaments
C)thick filaments
D)microtubules
E)basal bodies

Question 28

Which one of the following is an extension of plasma membrane?

A)centrioles
B)centromeres
C)microfilaments
D)cilia
E)microtubules

Question 29

Microtubules do not have which of the following functions?

A)They form structural components of organelles.
B)They move chromosomes during cell division.
C)They provide a mechanism for moving organelles.
D)They provide strength.
E)They stiffen microvilli.

Question 30

A function of the glycocalyx is

A)regulating movement across the membrane.
B)lubrication of the cell surface.
C)stiffening the membrane.
D)forming a bilayer.
E)isolating the cytoplasm from extracellular fluid.

Question 31

Each of the following is a function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum except

A)synthesis of glycogen.
B)modification of protein.
C)synthesis of steroid hormones.
D)synthesis of triglycerides.
E)synthesis of cholesterol.

Question 32

Terminal web is a layer of ________ just inside plasma membrane at the exposed surface of the cell.

A)centrioles
B)centromeres
C)microfilaments
D)intermediate filaments
E)microtubules

Question 33

Microfilaments

A)are usually composed of myosin.
B)are hollow,filamentous structures.
C)anchor the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane.
D)are about 25 nm in diameter.
E)are found in the cytoplasm radiating away from the centrosome.

Question 34

Microfilaments do not

A)anchor the cytoskeleton to membrane proteins.
B)control the consistency of cytoplasm.
C)with myosin,produce cell movement.
D)provide strength.
E)form centrioles.

Question 35

Providing strength and moving materials within the cell is a function of the filaments and

A)ribosomes.
B)microfilaments.
C)intermediate filaments.
D)flagella.
E)microtubules.

Question 36

The endoplasmic reticulum is an example of a(n)________ organelle.

A)inclusion
B)nonmembranous
C)membranous
D)integral
E)exclusion

Question 37

The plasma membrane includes all of the following except

A)integral proteins.
B)glycolipids.
C)phospholipids.
D)cholesterol.
E)peripheral proteins.

Question 38

The endoplasmic reticulum is not responsible for ________ synthesis.

A)glycogen
B)lipid
C)protein
D)ATP
E)cholesterol

Question 39

Which of the following consists of a network of intracellular membranes with attached ribosomes?

A)rough endoplasmic reticulum
B)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C)mitochondria
D)nucleoli
E)Golgi apparatus

Question 40

Which of the following is not a function that membrane proteins perform?

A)anchoring
B)receptors
C)recognition
D)channels
E)stiffening the membrane

Question 41

In describing parts of the mitochondrion,folds are to cristae as the contained fluid is to

A)actin.
B)microvilli.
C)cytosol.
D)basal body.
E)matrix.

Question 42

Chromosomes consist of ________ and ________.

A)RNA; carbohydrates
B)DNA; lipids
C)DNA; proteins
D)water; RNA
E)RNA; proteins

Question 43

Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus is false?

A)It receives transport vesicles from the RER.
B)It sends transport vesicles to the RER.
C)It produces lysosomes.
D)It supplies new membrane components.
E)It produces secretory vesicles.

Question 44

Most of the ATP required to power cellular operations is produced in the

A)cytoplasm.
B)endoplasmic reticulum.
C)nucleus.
D)mitochondria.
E)cilia.

Question 45

The following is a list of the steps involved in the process of secretion by the Golgi apparatus.
1.Material moves from cisterna to cisterna by means of transfer vesicles.
2)Exocytosis.
3)Products from RER are packaged into transport vesicles.
4)Secretory vesicles are formed at the trans face.
5)Vesicles arrive at the cis face.
6)Enzymes modify arriving proteins and glycoproteins.
What is the proper order for these steps?

A)5,6,1,4,2,3
B)2,3,5,6,1,4
C)4,3,1,6,5,2
D)3,5,6,1,4,2
E)1,3,6,4,2,5

Question 46

The complex structures of DNA and protein found in the cell nucleus are

A)nucleoplasm.
B)chromosomes.
C)histones.
D)nucleases.
E)mitochondria.

Question 47

Synthesis of lipids and glycogen takes place at the

A)ribosomes.
B)rough ER.
C)smooth ER.
D)Golgi apparatus.
E)mitochondria.

Question 48

Which cellular structure is responsible for cell autolysis?

A)centrioles
B)Golgi apparatus
C)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D)rough endoplasmic reticulum
E)lysosome

Question 49

The components of ribosomes are synthesized by

A)the endoplasmic reticulum.
B)Golgi complexes.
C)lysosomes.
D)mitochondria.
E)nucleoli.

Question 50

A mature red blood cell lacks a nucleus.Thus,it

A)can repair itself readily.
B)is malformed.
C)can only divide once more.
D)will be a long-lived cell.
E)cannot make new proteins and will be worn out within a few months.

Question 51

Some cells contain large numbers of mitochondria while others have relatively few or none.This suggests that

A)cells with large numbers of mitochondria are short-lived.
B)cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a high energy demand.
C)cells with small numbers of mitochondria have a large ATP supply.
D)cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a low energy demand.
E)some cells are older than others.

Question 52

Which organelle is most prominent in cells that make large amounts of protein?

A)nucleus
B)nucleolus
C)chromosome
D)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E)mitochondria

Question 53

Histones are found in

A)nucleosomes.
B)centromeres.
C)lysosomes.
D)vesicles.
E)endosomes.

Question 54

Each of the following is true concerning mitochondria except

A)the cristae increase the inner surface area of the organelle.
B)it has its own DNA.
C)it contains ribosomes.
D)in glycolysis reaction pyruvate is produced from glucose inside the mitochondria.
E)the matrix is the fluid that is enclosed by inner membrane.

Question 55

Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the

A)microtubules.
B)mitochondria.
C)rough endoplasmic reticulum.
D)ribosomes.
E)Golgi apparatus.

Question 56

All of the following are characteristics of nucleus, except

A)it is the largest structure in the cell.
B)it has necessary information for protein synthesis.
C)it determines the structure of the cell.
D)it packages and sorts products.
E)it contains genetic material.

Question 57

Transfer of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytosol occurs through

A)tRNA.
B)DNA.
C)endocytosis.
D)exocytosis.
E)nuclear pores.

Question 58

Which form of endoplasmic reticulum modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins?

A)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B)rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 59

The nucleus is surrounded by the

A)nucleolus.
B)nucleoplasm.
C)nuclear envelope.
D)nuclear matrix.
E)nucleosomes.

Question 60

Which organelle is visible under light microscope?

A)ribosome
B)Golgi apparatus
C)nucleus
D)mitochondrion
E)lysosome

Question 61

What is the term for tRNA?

A)transfer ribonucleic acid
B)transfer ribosomal nucleic acid
C)triplet ribonucleic acid
D)triplet ribosomal nucleic acid
E)thymine ribosomal nucleic acid

Question 62

Messenger RNA is vital to the cell because

A)mRNA can leave the nucleus.
B)mRNA cannot leave the nucleus.
C)DNA can leave the nucleus.
D)DNA cannot leave the nucleus.
E)mRNA can leave the nucleus,and DNA cannot leave the nucleus.

Question 63

The enzyme ________ is required for the synthesis of mRNA.

A)DNA polymerase
B)RNA polymerase
C)DNA isomerase
D)RNA isomerase
E)RNA synthase

Question 64

Amino acids are transferred to the ribosome to be incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain by

A)DNA.
B)mDNA.
C)mRNA.
D)tRNA.
E)rRNA.

Question 65

A unit in messenger RNA consisting of a set of three consecutive nucleotides is termed a(n)

A)amino acid.
B)tRNA.
C)anticodon.
D)codon.
E)gene.

Question 66

A molecule of ________ contains all the codons needed to produce a particular polypeptide.

A)DNA
B)rRNA
C)mRNA
D)tRNA
E)mDNA

Question 67

During the synthesis of proteins,amino acids are assembled in the proper sequence because each tRNA molecule that brings them to the ribosome has a(n)________ that binds to a complementary codon in the mRNA.

A)anticodon
B)codon
C)amphicodon
D)complicodon
E)alticodon

Question 68

The start of each gene begins with a(n)________ segment.

A)beginning
B)start
C)initiator
D)control
E)converter

Question 69

As each codon arrives at the active site of a ribosome,it attracts another molecule containing the anticodon.This molecule is called

A)DNA.
B)mRNA.
C)rRNA.
D)tRNA.
E)RER.

Question 70

In cells that are not dividing,chromosomes uncoil to form a tangle of fine fibers known as

A)nucleosomes.
B)centromeres.
C)chromatids.
D)chromatin.
E)nucleoli.

Question 71

mRNA is needed to synthesize ________ in the cytoplasm.

A)carbohydrates
B)lipids
C)proteins
D)phospholipids
E)ATP

Question 72

The mRNA sequence that is complementary to the sequence ATC on DNA is

A)ATC.
B)TAG.
C)UAG.
D)AUG.
E)AUC.

Question 73

The functional units of DNA that contain the instructions for making one or more proteins are

A)chromosomes.
B)genes.
C)ribosomes.
D)codons.
E)RNA.

Question 74

Specific proteins are manufactured through the interaction of ________ and ________.

A)multiple enzymes; three types of RNA
B)multiple enzymes; two types of RNA
C)multiple carbohydrates; three types of DNA
D)multiple proteins; three types of DNA
E)multiple enzymes; three types of DNA

Question 75

The process of forming mRNA is called

A)replication.
B)transcription.
C)translation.
D)cell division.
E)auscultation.

Question 76

The anticodon for the triplet UCA is

A)AGU.
B)AGC.
C)TCA.
D)TGT.
E)AGT.

Question 77

What is the term for rRNA?

A)ribosomal ribonucleic acid
B)rough ribosomal nucleic acid
C)reticulated ribonucleic acid
D)rough nucleic acid
E)ribosomal nucleic acid

Question 78

Before the mRNA transcribed from a gene can be used to translate into a protein,it must be

A)edited to remove introns.
B)edited to remove exons.
C)transported into the cytoplasm.
D)edited to remove introns and transported into the cytoplasm.
E)edited to remove exons and transported into the cytoplasm.

Question 79

What is the term for mRNA?

A)mitochondrial ribosomal nucleic acid
B)messenger ribosomal nucleic acid
C)mitochondrial ribonucleic acid
D)messenger ribonucleic acid
E)master ribosomal nucleic acid

Question 80

The triplet codes needed to specify a specific polypeptide chain are found in the

A)cytoplasm.
B)gene.
C)codon.
D)anticodon.
E)polypeptide itself.