Question 1

Psychology is defined as the scientific study of:&#10;A)societal development.&#10;B)criminal rehabilitation.&#10;C)neural diseases.&#10;D)mind and behavior.

Accepted Answer

Psychology is the study of mind and behavior, encompassing a wide range of topics such as perception, cognition, emotion, personality, social behavior, and mental disorders. It involves the scientific investigation of human and animal behavior and mental processes, and encompasses both research and applied fields such as clinical psychology, counseling psychology, educational psychology, and industrial-organizational psychology. While societal development, criminal rehabilitation, and neural diseases may be relevant topics in psychology, they are not the primary focus or definition of the field.

Question 2

_____ holds that culture makes little or no difference for most psychological phenomena.&#10;A)Absolutism&#10;B)Structuralism&#10;C)Relativism&#10;D)Functionalism

Accepted Answer

Absolutism is the belief that psychological phenomena are universal and apply equally to all individuals, regardless of cultural differences. Therefore, it holds that culture makes little or no difference for most psychological phenomena. Structuralism and functionalism are early psychological schools of thought, focusing on analyzing the structure and function of the mind, respectively. Relativism, on the other hand, emphasizes the importance of cultural context in shaping psychological phenomena.

Question 3

_____ believed that the child's mind was a tabula rasa,or a blank slate,on which experiences were written.&#10;A)Plato&#10;B)Aristotle&#10;C)William James&#10;D)Wilhelm Wundt

Accepted Answer

Aristotle believed in the tabula rasa theory, which posits that the human mind is blank at birth and gradually filled with experiences through sensory perception and interaction with the environment. This theory differed from Plato's belief that humans are born with innate knowledge and ideas.

Question 4

William James was influenced by the work of:&#10;A)Edward Titchener.&#10;B)Sigmund Freud.&#10;C)Ivan Pavlov.&#10;D)Wilhelm Wundt.

Accepted Answer

William James was heavily influenced by the work of Wilhelm Wundt, who is considered the founder of experimental psychology. James traveled to Germany to study under Wundt and was impressed with his emphasis on introspection and objective observation of mental processes. While James did have some disagreements with Wundt's approach, he credited him with inspiring his own research and ideas about the nature of consciousness.

Question 5

Although the overall theory was later discredited,_____ was one of the first theories to propose that some human traits and abilities are localized in specific regions of the brain.&#10;A)stimulus-response theory&#10;B)phrenology&#10;C)dualism&#10;D)nativism

Accepted Answer

Phrenology was one of the first theories to propose that specific regions of the brain were responsible for different traits and abilities. However, it was discredited because it relied on the faulty assumption that the shape of the skull could reveal the size and function of different parts of the brain.

Question 6

The work of _____ had the greatest influence on the early development of clinical psychology.&#10;A)G)Stanley Hall&#10;B)John Watson&#10;C)Sigmund Freud&#10;D)Jean Piaget

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud's work, particularly his development of psychoanalysis, had a profound influence on the early development of clinical psychology. His theories on the unconscious mind, the structure of personality (id, ego, superego), and the stages of psychosexual development, among others, laid the groundwork for many of the concepts and methods used in clinical psychology today.

Question 7

Fred and Yvonne notice that their 10-year-old daughter is beginning to use sexually explicit swearwords.They think that their daughter's friends might be encouraging her swearing with attention and laughter.Such a reinforcement of behavior was a concept formulated by:

A)Watson.
B)Freud.
C)Pavlov.
D)Skinner.

Accepted Answer

The concept of reinforcement of behavior through rewards or punishments is associated with Skinner's theory of operant conditioning. In this situation, the daughter may be receiving attention and laughter from her friends when using sexually explicit swearwords, which reinforces and encourages the behavior.

Question 8

_____ makes up over half of the doctorates awarded in psychology.&#10;A)Social psychology&#10;B)Counseling psychology&#10;C)Clinical psychology&#10;D)Neuroscience

Accepted Answer

According to data from the National Science Foundation, clinical psychology is the subfield that makes up over half of the doctorates awarded in psychology, with approximately 55% of all psychology doctoral degrees awarded in this area. Social psychology, counseling psychology, and neuroscience all make up smaller portions of doctoral degrees awarded in psychology.

Question 9

_____ believed that private experience was too vague to be an object of scientific inquiry.&#10;A)Watson&#10;B)Freud&#10;C)Pavlov&#10;D)Skinner

Accepted Answer

Watson, a behaviorist, believed that only observable behavior can be studied scientifically and that private experience or mental events were too subjective and vague to be studied objectively.

Question 10

In the 19th century,the physician _____ observed a patient who,after damage to a localized area in the _____ brain hemisphere,could not produce words,even though he could comprehend them.&#10;A)Franz Joseph Gall;right&#10;B)Paul Broca;left&#10;C)Karl Lashley;right&#10;D)Pierre Janet;left

Accepted Answer

This question is referring to the case of Tan, observed by Paul Broca in the mid-1800s. Tan suffered damage to a specific area in the left hemisphere of his brain, which later became known as Broca's area. This area is responsible for language production, and Tan's inability to produce words while still being able to understand them led to the discovery of this important brain region.

Question 11

Why was the advent of the computer so important for the development of cognitive psychology?&#10;A)Psychologists could use computers to interpret large amounts of data.&#10;B)The processing of information by computers through complex circuits helped understand several processes of the human mind.&#10;C)Computer technology allowed psychologists to develop useful tools and software programs for various purposes.&#10;D)The computer supported the views of behaviorists that people were essentially like robots programmed by their environment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why was the advent of the computer...

Question 12

Social psychology examines issues such as conformity,racism,and stereotyping by:&#10;A)focusing on features that were passed on to people hereditarily.&#10;B)accounting for people's cultural background and personal beliefs.&#10;C)localizing regions of the brain responsible for these issues.&#10;D)considering the effects of other people on our thoughts,feelings,and behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Social psychology examines issues such as conformity,racism,and...

Question 13

_____ assist people in dealing with work or career issues and changes or help people deal with common crises such as divorce,the loss of a job,or the death of a loved one.&#10;A)Counseling psychologists&#10;B)Social psychologists&#10;C)School psychologists&#10;D)Neuropsychologists

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ assist people in dealing with work...

Question 14

Scientists such as Max Wertheimer,Sir Frederic Bartlett,Jean Piaget,and Kurt Lewin paved the way for _____ by researching processes such as perception,memory,and subjective experiences.&#10;A)behaviorism&#10;B)clinical psychology&#10;C)cognitive psychology&#10;D)behavioral neuroscience

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scientists such as Max Wertheimer,Sir Frederic Bartlett,Jean...

Question 15

Edward Titchener used _____ as a technique to determine the _____ of consciousness.&#10;A)introspection;basic elements&#10;B)hypnosis;adaptability&#10;C)psychonautics;basic functions&#10;D)neuroimaging;evolution

Accepted Answer

The answer of Edward Titchener used _____ as a technique...

Deck 1: Web Quiz 2