Question 1

During an action potential,information is transmitted as an electrical signal primarily as a result of _____ charged _____ ions rushing into the cell.&#10;A)positively;sodium&#10;B)positively: potassium&#10;C)negatively;sodium&#10;D)negatively;potassium

Accepted Answer

During an action potential, depolarization occurs when positively charged sodium (Na+) ions rush into the cell, causing the membrane potential to become more positive. This triggers the opening of more sodium channels, causing a rapid and brief influx of sodium ions into the cell, which propagates the electrical signal down the axon.

Question 2

The _____ lobe is located at the back of the cerebral cortex and is responsible for processing visual information.&#10;A)temporal&#10;B)frontal&#10;C)occipital&#10;D)parietal

Accepted Answer

The occipital lobe is responsible for processing visual information and is located at the back of the cerebral cortex. The temporal lobe is responsible for processing auditory information, while the frontal and parietal lobes are responsible for a variety of functions such as motor processing, decision making, and sensory processing.

Question 3

The benefit of using functional brain imaging techniques is that they allow researchers to:&#10;A)observe dynamic activity in the brain during specific tasks.&#10;B)produce static pictures of the brain that help locate damaged areas.&#10;C)determine cause and effect relationships between the brain and behavior.&#10;D)diagnose psychiatric illnesses.

Accepted Answer

Functional brain imaging techniques, such as fMRI and PET, allow researchers to observe dynamic activity in the brain during specific tasks. This provides valuable information about the neural mechanisms underlying behavior and cognitive processes. It does not typically involve diagnosing psychiatric illnesses or producing static pictures of the brain to locate damaged areas, although these can sometimes be a secondary benefit. Determining cause and effect relationships between the brain and behavior requires additional experimental design, such as manipulation of brain activity through electrical or chemical means.

Question 4

Tyler was shot in the head,and the bullet passed through his frontal lobe.Fortunately,Tyler survived.Tyler is MOST likely to find it hard to:&#10;A)process information about touch.&#10;B)have his body regulate blood pressure.&#10;C)understand spoken language.&#10;D)plan and be involved in decision making.

Accepted Answer

The frontal lobe is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as planning, decision making, and social behavior. Damage to this area can lead to difficulties in these areas. Therefore, Tyler is most likely to find it hard to plan and be involved in decision making after his injury.

Question 5

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI):&#10;A)measures the action potential of a single neuron.&#10;B)detects the oxygenated hemoglobin in the brain.&#10;C)directly measures neuronal events.&#10;D)directly measures neural signals in the brain.

Accepted Answer

fMRI measures changes in the levels of oxygenated hemoglobin in the brain, which indicates which brain regions are active during specific tasks. It does not directly measure neuronal events or signals.

Question 6

The basic parts of a neuron are:&#10;A)the cell body,the axon,and the synapse.&#10;B)the cell body,the dendrites,and the synapse.&#10;C)the cell body,the axon,and the dendrites.&#10;D)the synapse,the axon,and the dendrites.

Accepted Answer

The neuron consists of three main parts: the cell body, the axon, and the dendrites. The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles, and the dendrites extend from the cell body to receive signals from other neurons. The axon carries signals away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands. The synapse is the junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a target cell. While the synapse is important for communication between neurons, it is not a basic part of a neuron.

Question 7

Prozac works by:&#10;A)causing neurons to produce less serotonin.&#10;B)causing neurons to inhibit the release of serotonin into the synapse.&#10;C)blocking the reuptake of serotonin from the synapse.&#10;D)destroying enzymes that help secrete serotonin.

Accepted Answer

Prozac is a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI), which means it works by blocking the reuptake of serotonin from the synapse. This allows for a greater concentration of serotonin to be available for the neuron to use, which can help alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Question 8

The part of the brain that orients an organism in the environment is called the:&#10;A)cerebellum.&#10;B)medulla.&#10;C)tectum.&#10;D)pons.

Accepted Answer

The tectum, which is part of the midbrain, includes two pairs of bumps called colliculi that play important roles in orienting an organism in the environment. The superior colliculi are involved in visual processing and the inferior colliculi are involved in auditory processing.

Note: The cerebellum is involved in motor coordination and learning, the medulla is involved in vital functions such as breathing and heart rate, and the pons is involved in sleep and arousal.

Question 9

The three major types of neurons are:&#10;A)sensory neurons,dendritic neurons,and motor neurons.&#10;B)sensory neurons,motor neurons,and interneurons.&#10;C)motor neurons,mirror neurons,and interneurons.&#10;D)sensory neurons,motor neurons,and mirror neurons.

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons carry information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system (CNS), motor neurons carry information from the CNS to muscles and glands, and interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons in the CNS. Therefore, the correct answer is sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.

Question 10

A heritability index of 0 for a behavioral trait indicates that:&#10;A)the brain has no role in the occurrence of that behavioral trait.&#10;B)genetic variation is not responsible for the individual variation in the occurrence of the trait.&#10;C)changing the environment will not change the likelihood that the trait will occur.&#10;D)the trait is extremely common in a given population.

Accepted Answer

A heritability index of 0 means that genetic variation does not contribute to individual variation in the occurrence of the trait. This does not necessarily mean that the brain has no role in the occurrence of the trait, nor does it mean that changing the environment will not affect the likelihood of the trait occurring. It simply means that genetic factors play no role in explaining differences in the trait between individuals. The trait's prevalence in the population is not necessarily relevant to its heritability index.

Question 11

Alexandria suffers from seizures.She is MOST likely to have low levels of the neurotransmitter:&#10;A)gammaaminobutyric acid.&#10;B)glutamic acid.&#10;C)acetylcholine.&#10;D)norepinephrine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alexandria suffers from seizures.She is MOST likely...

Question 12

The _____ nervous system is the subdivision of the peripheral nervous system responsible for lowering heart rate and respiration rate and diverting blood flow to the digestive system.&#10;A)sympathetic&#10;B)parasympathetic&#10;C)somatic&#10;D)central

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____ nervous system is the subdivision...

Question 13

_____ is/are a section(s)on a strand of _____.&#10;A)Genes;DNA&#10;B)The pons;genes&#10;C)Chromosomes;DNA&#10;D)Chromosomes;genes

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is/are a section(s)on a strand of...

Question 14

If you are sleeping,stimulating which area of the brain can wake you instantaneously and keep you alert?&#10;A)the hippocampus&#10;B)the basal ganglia&#10;C)the reticular formation&#10;D)the cerebellum

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you are sleeping,stimulating which area of...

Question 15

Jennifer forgets any new memory formed while she is distracted.Which region of her brain is MOST likely to show impairment?&#10;A)the pituitary gland&#10;B)the cerebellum&#10;C)the tectum&#10;D)the hippocampus

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jennifer forgets any new memory formed while...

Deck 3: Web Quiz 2