Deck 15: Multiple Choice

Question 1

The DSM-5 contains material to help clinicians understand cultural influences on mental disorders.In all cultures,however,some mental disorders are more common than are others.What is the CORRECT order from most to least prevalent of the three most common categories of mental disorders?

A)substance abuse disorders,depression and anxiety,impulse-control disorders
B)impulse-control disorders,depression and anxiety,substance abuse disorders
C)depression and anxiety,substance abuse disorders,impulse-control disorders
D)depression and anxiety,impulse-control disorders,substance abuse disorders

Answer 1

depression and anxiety,impulse-control disorders,substance abuse disorders

Question 2

The inclusion of detailed diagnostic criteria in more recent versions of the DSM increase the _____ of diagnosing mental illness.

A)frequency
B)validity
C)reliability (or consistency)
D)prevalence

Answer 2

reliability (or consistency)

Question 3

Prior to 200 years ago,the only explanation that was NOT given as a common cause of strange behavior or bizarre thoughts or emotions was:

A)God's punishment for wrongdoing
B)possession by demons.
C)witchcraft.
D)disease.

Answer 3

disease.

Question 4

The DSM-5 contains material to help clinicians understand cultural influences on mental disorders.To this end,ways of talking about mental illness can differ across cultures.Cultural specific references to mental illness are termed cultural:

A)memes.
B)idioms of distress.
C)syndromes.
D)language paradigms.

Question 5

The DSM-5 contains material to help clinicians understand cultural influences on mental disorders.Which statement about mental disorders across cultures is TRUE?

A)The prevalence rates for various mental disorders are very similar in all cultures.
B)Depression and anxiety are the most common mental disorders in all cultures.
C)Depression is experienced in the same way across all cultures.
D)Substance abuse disorders are the most common mental disorders in all cultures.

Question 6

Kaylie has been diagnosed with both social phobia and depression.Kaylie's case exemplifies:

A)comorbidity.
B)a global assessment of functioning.
C)dissociative disorders.
D)the diathesis-stress model.

Question 7

The "D" in the DSM stands for:

A)Disease.
B)Doctor.
C)Diagnostic.
D)Disorder.

Question 8

During their lifetimes,approximately _____% of Americans will experience some type of mental disorder.

A)50
B)30
C)20
D)10

Question 9

The major goal of the DSM is to _____ mental disorders.

A)explain
B)identify the causes of
C)classify
D)pathologize

Question 10

The "S" in the DSM stands for:

A)Statistical.
B)Sign.
C)Symptom.
D)Screening.

Question 11

The DSM is currently in its _____ edition.

A)third
B)fourth
C)fifth
D)sixth

Question 12

When was the initial version of the DSM published?

A)1925
B)1952
C)1974
D)1980

Question 13

A(n)_____ disorder can be broadly defined as a persistent disturbance or dysfunction in behavior,thoughts,or emotions that causes significant distress or impairment.

A)mood
B)mental
C)personality
D)anxiety

Question 14

The major contribution of the original DSM was:

A)providing detailed diagnostic criteria for the most common mental illnesses.
B)determining prevalence rates for the most common mental illnesses.
C)reframing mental illness within a biopsychosocial model.
D)providing a common language for talking about disorders.

Question 15

Which factor is NOT a component of the DSM-5?

A)22 major categories of mental disorders
B)causes of psychological disorders
C)cultural considerations in diagnosing mental disorders
D)specific criteria that must be met in order for a person to be diagnosed with a disorder

Question 16

The DSM-5 provides detailed diagnostic criteria for over _____ mental disorders.

A)50
B)100
C)150
D)200

Question 17

The "M" in the DSM stands for:

A)Mind.
B)Monograph.
C)Medicine.
D)Manual.

Question 18

The DSM-5 contains material to help clinicians understand cultural influences on mental disorders.To this end,it distinguishes among a number of important culturally related concepts.For example,groups of symptoms that tend to cluster together in specific cultures are termed cultural:

A)disorders.
B)idioms of distress.
C)syndromes.
D)explanations.

Question 19

The major improvement from DSM II to DSM III was the inclusion of:

A)cultural considerations in diagnosing in mental disorders.
B)a more detailed code of ethics.
C)modern statistical procedures.
D)detailed diagnostic criteria.

Question 20

Although the DSM-5 is the preferred diagnostic system of mental disorders in the United States,many other countries use the:

A)Mental Disorders Epidemiology Guide.
B)International Classification of Diseases.
C)Cultural Formulation Interview.
D)International Mental Disease Handbook.

Question 21

Possible social or environmental factors in mental disorders do NOT include:

A)maladaptive learning and coping.
B)poor socialization.
C)stressful life experiences.
D)cultural and social inequities.

Question 22

Calling shyness social phobia is an example critics of the medical model use to make the point that the medical model:

A)confuses disorders for diseases.
B)pathologizes normal human behavior.
C)places too much emphasis on subjective symptoms.
D)diagnoses but does not provide treatment for common disorders.

Question 23

With respect to the medical model of disease,etiology is defined as:

A)the typical course of disease.
B)the susceptibility of a disease to treatment and cure.
C)a pattern of causes of disease.
D)the classification of disease.

Question 24

Prognosis is defined as:

A)the typical course of disease.
B)a cause of disease.
C)a pattern of causes.
D)the classification of disease.

Question 25

Conceptualizing abnormal thoughts and behaviors as illness suggests that a first step in treatment is to:

A)diagnose the illness.
B)select the most appropriate treatment.
C)reinterpret diseases as disorders.
D)reinterpret signs as symptoms.

Question 26

The diathesis-stress model explains disease as the result of:

A)a predisposition for a disease and a triggering event.
B)a triggering event such as stress.
C)a predisposition for a disease.
D)biological,psychological,and social factors that all interact.

Question 27

The biopsychosocial perspective assumes that mental disorders are:

A)entirely genetically determined.
B)the result of neurotransmitter imbalances in the brain.
C)simply patterns of maladaptive behavior caused be learning and cultural influences.
D)caused by multiple biological and environmental factors interacting with one another.

Question 28

In the medical model,a _____ is a common set of signs and symptoms.

A)procedure
B)diagnosis
C)disorder
D)disease

Question 29

Subjectively reported feelings or behaviors associated with an illness are termed:

A)symptoms.
B)signs.
C)disorders.
D)diseases.

Question 30

Diathesis can be defined as:

A)a triggering event such as stress.
B)a disease.
C)a predisposition for a disease.
D)the heritability of a disease.

Question 31

In the medical model,sign is to symptom as:

A)disease is to disorder.
B)disorder is to disease.
C)objective is to subjective.
D)subjective is to objective.

Question 32

Possible biological factors in mental disorders do NOT include:

A)genetic influences.
B)biochemical imbalances.
C)maladaptive learning.
D)brain abnormalities.

Question 33

The conceptualization of psychological abnormalities as diseases,which,similar to biological diseases,have symptoms,causes,and possible cures,is known as a _____ model.

A)biopsychosocial
B)medical
C)DSM
D)prescriptive

Question 34

Objectively observed indicators of an illness are termed:

A)symptoms.
B)signs.
C)disorders.
D)diseases.

Question 35

According to the theory of physiognomy,mental disorders could be diagnosed from:

A)physiological reactions to stress.
B)the strength of bodily reflexes.
C)facial features.
D)bumps on the head.

Question 36

Which statement regarding psychological disorders is TRUE?

A)They rarely have physical causes.
B)They rarely have a single cause.
C)They rarely have environmental causes.
D)They often have a single,physical cause.

Question 37

Different individuals experience a mental disorder for different reasons.This phenomenon illustrates:

A)the complexity of causation.
B)the medical model.
C)the diathesis-stress model.
D)comorbidity.

Question 38

In the medical model,a _____ is a known pathological process affecting the body.

A)dysfunction
B)diagnosis
C)disorder
D)disease

Question 39

Possible psychological factors in mental disorders do NOT include:

A)maladaptive coping.
B)dysfunctional attitudes.
C)interpersonal problems.
D)stressful life circumstances.

Question 40

Which statements about diatheses is FALSE?

A)A diathesis could be genetic.
B)If a diathesis is inherited,the disease associated with it will occur.
C)A diathesis is an internal factor affecting the manifestation of a disease.
D)A diathesis could be psychological.

Question 41

Which domain is NOT part of the Research Domain Criteria Project?

A)self-control systems
B)systems for social processes
C)cognitive systems
D)arousal and regulatory systems

Question 42

Dr.Brown studies how differences in infant attachment are related to adult mental disorders.Her research BEST fits in which RDoC domain?

A)cognitive systems
B)systems for social processes
C)negative valence systems
D)arousal and regulatory systems

Question 43

What is the purpose of the Research Domain Criteria Project?

A)to identify evidence-based treatments for mental illness
B)to explore cultural differences in the expression of mental illness
C)to conduct a longitudinal study of participants with a variety of mental illnesses
D)to identify the basic processes that give rise to mental illness

Question 44

Selena views drug addiction as a disease of the brain.She believes that,if we can understand how drugs pathologically affect the brain,we can develop new treatments and ultimately cure people with drug addiction.Selena's views BEST match the _____ model of conceptualizing mental disorders.

A)biopsychosocial
B)medical
C)DSM
D)prescriptive

Question 45

A researcher who explores the basic building blocks of anxiety is conducting research into which RDoC domain?

A)cognitive systems
B)systems for social processes
C)negative valence systems
D)arousal and regulatory systems

Question 46

Which psychologist is conducting research in the RDoC domain of cognitive systems?

A)Dr.Rowland,who studies approach motivation
B)Dr.Crowley,who studies declarative memory
C)Dr.Ruiz,who studies circadian rhythms
D)Dr.Wimberly,who studies perception and understanding of self

Question 47

The DSM is BEST conceptualized as a(n)_____ of mental disorders.

A)abstraction
B)bible
C)dictionary
D)mosaic

Question 48

Research indicates that hospitalizing people for mental illness is _____ necessary.

A)never
B)seldom
C)frequently
D)almost always

Question 49

Both of Demarco's parents suffer from depression,but Demarco himself showed no symptoms of depression until his girlfriend of 2 years broke up with him.This incident triggered a major depressive episode.Demarco's case is a good example of:

A)hereditary induced stress.
B)etiology and prognosis.
C)the diathesis-stress model.
D)the medical model.

Question 50

A researcher is interested in how some aspects of mental illness appear to be the result of reward learning.Which RDoC domain does this research BEST fit?

A)cognitive systems
B)systems for social processes
C)positive valence systems
D)arousal and regulatory systems

Question 51

Which domain is NOT part of the Research Domain Criteria Project?

A)cognitive systems
B)systems for social processes
C)psychodynamic processes
D)arousal and regulatory systems

Question 52

The _____ is a new initiative that aims to guide the classification and understanding of mental disorders by revealing the basic processes that give rise to them.

A)Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
B)Research Domain Criteria Project
C)Human Genome Project
D)National Alliance on Mental Illness

Question 53

From the RDoC perspective,mental disorders can be thought of as:

A)arising from maladaptive learning experiences.
B)descriptions of behavior,rather than explanations of behavior.
C)the result of dysfunctions in normal psychological processes.
D)rather arbitrary cultural standards of normalcy.

Question 54

Which psychologist is conducting research in the RDoC domain of systems for social processes?

A)Dr.Rowland,who studies approach motivation
B)Dr.Crowley,who studies declarative memory
C)Dr.Wimberly,who studies circadian rhythms and sleep patterns
D)Dr.Ruiz,who studies perception and understanding of self

Question 55

Which psychologist is conducting research in the RDoC domain of positive valence systems?

A)Dr.Rowland,who studies approach motivation
B)Dr.Crowley,who studies declarative memory
C)Dr.Ruiz,who studies circadian rhythms
D)Dr.Wimberly,who studies perception and understanding of self

Question 56

Which characteristic is a sign of illness?

A)high fever
B)bad headaches
C)stomach pain
D)feelings of lethargy

Question 57

The federal agency that is the primary funder of research on mental disorders in the United States is the:

A)National Institute on Mental Health.
B)Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
C)National Institute on Drug Abuse.
D)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Question 58

Which characteristic is a symptom of illness?

A)high fever
B)bad headaches
C)high blood pressure
D)elevated white blood cell count

Question 59

Which psychologist is conducting research in the RDoC domain of negative valence systems?

A)Dr.Rowland,who studies approach motivation
B)Dr.Richter,who studies infant attachment
C)Dr.Ruiz,who studies circadian rhythms
D)Dr.Amato,who studies anxiety

Question 60

Stacey's mother has schizophrenia,but Stacey herself showed no symptoms of schizophrenia until she experienced the stress of medical school final exams.The final exams prompted a psychotic break.Stacey's case is a good example of:

A)hereditary induced stress.
B)etiology and prognosis.
C)the diathesis-stress model.
D)the medical model.

Question 61

Specific phobias may NOT be categorized as:

A)foods.
B)animals.
C)blood,injections,and injury.
D)natural environments.

Question 62

Situation-related anxiety is:

A)a symptom that one of the anxiety disorders probably is present.
B)a defining feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)a defining feature of panic disorder.
D)normal and adaptive.

Question 63

A feeling of being detached from one's body is termed:

A)deindividuation.
B)depersonalization.
C)derealization.
D)dysthymia.

Question 64

In generalized anxiety disorder (GAD),chronic excessive worry is NOT accompanied by:

A)restlessness.
B)fatigue.
C)panic attacks.
D)concentration problems.

Question 65

Which statement about social phobia is FALSE?

A)It is slightly more common in women than it is in men.
B)It is an irrational fear of being publicly embarrassed.
C)It is more common in children than it is in adults.
D)It is an irrational fear of being publicly humiliated.

Question 66

The sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror defines:

A)the class of disorders known as anxiety disorders.
B)phobic disorders.
C)panic disorder.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 67

The anxiety of someone with GAD is:

A)often irrational.
B)usually caused by extreme fatigue.
C)known to lead to compulsions.
D)related to a specific situation.

Question 68

Due to the unexpected nature of panic attacks,some people develop a fear of public places;they are afraid that they will have a panic attack and help will not be available.The fear of public places is which disorder?

A)claustrophobia
B)social phobia
C)agoraphobia
D)acrophobia

Question 69

The results of Rosenhan and colleagues' study in which they were admitted to mental health hospitals after claiming to be "hearing voices" demonstrate that:

A)being labeled as schizophrenic actually produces symptoms of schizophrenia.
B)"hearing voices" is something that most people report.
C)expectations about mental illness can cloud the judgments of even health care professionals.
D)health care professionals rely more on signs than on symptoms in diagnosing patients with mental illness.

Question 70

Approximately _____% of people in the United States develop a specific phobia at some point in their lives.

A)12
B)22
C)32
D)42

Question 71

Roberta wonders why her daughter,who recently was diagnosed with social anxiety,is so weak that she cannot deal with social disapproval.This example BEST illustrates:

A)cultural idioms.
B)the diathesis-stress model of mental illness.
C)the RDoC model.
D)the dangers of labeling.

Question 72

Claustrophobia is the fear of:

A)heights.
B)enclosed spaces.
C)public places.
D)bridges.

Question 73

Which disorder is NOT an anxiety disorder described in DSM-5?

A)phobia
B)generalized anxiety disorder
C)seasonal affective disorder
D)panic disorder

Question 74

In a classic study conducted in the 1970s,psychologist David Rosenhan and his colleagues reported to different mental hospitals claiming to be "hearing voices." As soon as they were admitted,they reported that the symptoms had ceased.How did the mental health hospitals respond?

A)They prescribed the "patients" antipsychotic medication and then released them the next day.
B)After a brief observational period averaging 6 hours,they released the "patients" without medication.
C)Most "patients" were discharged within an hour of claiming that the voices had stopped.
D)It took an average of 19 days for the patients to be released.

Question 75

A marked,persistent,and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects,activities,or situations is termed _____ disorder.

A)generalized anxiety
B)panic
C)phobic
D)posttraumatic stress

Question 76

Which characteristic is NOT a common symptom of GAD?

A)concentration problems
B)sleep problems
C)muscle tension
D)psychosis

Question 77

Stating that a person's symptoms currently meet diagnostic criteria for ADHD:

A)unnecessarily gives the person a negative label.
B)labels the disorder but not the person.
C)avoids labeling the disorder and the person.
D)labels the person but not in a negative way.

Question 78

Which disorder is NOT an anxiety disorder?

A)phobic disorder
B)bipolar disorder
C)panic disorder
D)generalized anxiety disorder

Question 79

The stigma associated with mental disorders may explain why most people with diagnosable psychological disorders,approximately _____%,do not seek treatment.

A)60
B)70
C)80
D)90

Question 80

Upon hearing that his grandson Robert was diagnosed with depression,Mr.Stevens concluded that Robert must have a weak constitution.This example BEST illustrates:

A)cultural syndromes.
B)the diathesis-stress model of mental illness.
C)the medical model of mental illness.
D)the dangers of labeling.