Deck 7: Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

Question 1

Which of these is one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?

A)poetic
B)naturalistic
C)creative
D)digital

Answer 1

naturalistic

Question 2

The smallest meaningful units in a language are __________.

A)morphemes
B)semantics
C)phonemes
D)processors

Answer 2

morphemes

Question 3

What is one criticism of the conclusions offered by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray in The Bell Curve?

A)They confused polygenic and monogenic inheritance.
B)Few people have taken intelligence tests,so their conclusions have limited generalizability.
C)They failed to distinguish between correlation and causation.
D)Their data were obtained improperly.

Answer 3

They failed to distinguish between correlation and causation.

Question 4

The Binet and Simon intelligence test measured children on what new concept?

A)divergent thinking
B)mental set
C)mental age
D)creativity

Question 5

According to the Atkinson and Shiffrin model of memory,what happens when we actively think about something that we have previously learned?

A)The memory is recalled from LTM and is placed in sensory memory.
B)The memory is recalled from STM and is placed in LTM.
C)The memory is recalled from STM and is placed in sensory memory.
D)The memory is recalled from LTM and is placed in STM.

Question 6

What number reflects the amount of differences in a population attributable to genetic influences?

A)concordance
B)heritability
C)eugenics index
D)correlation coefficient

Question 7

Psychological tests that yield relatively consistent results are said to be:

A)reliable.
B)standardized.
C)valid.
D)normed.

Question 8

The basic sound units of any language are called __________.

A)phonemes
B)sound bytes
C)semantics
D)morphemes

Question 9

The theory of multiple intelligences was proposed by __________.

A)Gardner
B)Sternberg
C)Thurstone
D)Spearman

Question 10

The sounds of "t," "th," and "sh" are __________.

A)semantics
B)morphemes
C)phonemes
D)sound bytes

Question 11

The ability to reproduce unusually sharp and detailed images of something that has been seen is called __________.

A)eidetic imagery
B)semantic imagery
C)episodic imagery
D)flashbulb memory

Question 12

Which of these might be an example of a performance item on the Wechsler tests of intelligence?

A)repeating a series of digits
B)defining a word such as lunch
C)using blocks to make a design like one shown in a picture
D)adding a series of orally presented numbers

Question 13

A committee has been set up to identify young people who are likely to become great Olympics skaters.In addition to physical skills,the committee believes that an understanding of one's emotions is a plus because it will help the skaters through training and competitions.Using Howard Gardner's types of intelligences,which two should be the focus of their search?

A)bodily kinesthetic and intrapersonal
B)logical/mathematical and visual/spatial
C)visual/spatial and interpersonal
D)verbal/linguistic and logical/mathematical

Question 14

Prefixes,suffixes,and words are examples of __________.

A)subjugations
B)semantics
C)morphemes
D)phonemes

Question 15

The system of rules that governs how we assign meaning to the morphemes we use is called __________.

A)syntax
B)phonology
C)regularization
D)semantics

Question 16

The ability to produce work that is both novel and appropriate is called:

A)insight.
B)heuristics.
C)creativity.
D)latent learning.

Question 17

A psychological test that measures what we intend it to measure is said to be

A)valid.
B)normed.
C)standardized.
D)reliable.

Question 18

Laboratory experiments suggest that animals have __________.

A)some cognitive capacities
B)cognitive capacities better than most humans
C)almost no cognitive capabilities
D)cognitive capabilities similar to most humans

Question 19

Ted and Jessica's son was recently diagnosed as mentally retarded.What is his likely degree of retardation?

A)severe
B)moderate
C)profound
D)mild

Question 20

Cognition is a synonym for __________.

A)perception
B)learning
C)thinking
D)intelligence

Question 21

What was the original purpose of the first well established test of intelligence?

A)to make accurate diagnoses of savant syndrome
B)to classify children as to their level of retardation
C)to select those children who could benefit from classes for slow learners
D)to determine who required services under Public Law 94-142

Question 22

A form of intelligence that refers to how effectively people perceive and understand their own feelings and the feelings of others,is __________ intelligence.

A)fluid
B)emotional
C)bodily-kinesthetic
D)crystallized

Question 23

Which of these might be an example of a performance item on the Wechsler tests of intelligence?

A)defining a word such as lunch
B)repeating a series of digits
C)using blocks to make a design like one shown in a picture
D)adding a series of orally presented numbers

Question 24

A valid test is one that __________.

A)produces consistent results
B)has split-half reliability
C)actually measures what it sets out to measure
D)has a correlation coefficient of .50

Question 25

Geoffrey has a Stanford-Binet IQ score of 60 and deficits in adaptive behavior.He is likely to be considered __________.

A)mildly retarded
B)moderately retarded
C)severely retarded
D)profoundly retarded

Question 26

Thurstone's definition of intelligence includes __________.

A)seven distinct mental abilities
B)operations,contents,and products
C)fluid general ability
D)s factors

Question 27

The Binet-Simon scale was originally developed to __________.

A)identify children who might have difficulty in school
B)identify gifted children
C)measure scholastic achievement
D)measure the intelligence of normal children

Question 28

What is one criticism of the conclusions offered by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray in The Bell Curve?

A)They failed to distinguish between correlation and causation.
B)Few people have taken intelligence tests,so their conclusions have limited generalizability.
C)Their data were obtained improperly.
D)They confused polygenic and monogenic inheritance.

Question 29

What score indicates how one individual compares to others on an intelligence test?

A)intelligence quotient
B)deviation
C)intelligence component
D)mental estimate

Question 30

What number reflects the amount of differences in a population attributable to genetic influences?

A)correlation coefficient
B)concordance
C)heritability
D)eugenics index

Question 31

Which of these is one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?

A)poetic
B)naturalistic
C)digital
D)creative

Question 32

On Monday,Sal took a test developed to measure levels of sensation seeking and obtained a score of 13;he took the same test one week later and obtained the same score.Based on this information,you can most accurately conclude that the test is likely to be:

A)standardized.
B)reliable.
C)valid.
D)normed.

Question 33

Sal is being evaluated as a possible candidate for the space program.On which of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences would we expect him to excel if he is a good candidate?

A)spatial reasoning
B)interpersonal
C)naturalist
D)intrapersonal

Question 34

The concept of generalized intelligence is largely based on the theories of __________.

A)Thurstone
B)Simon
C)Gardner
D)Spearman

Question 35

Creativity is the ability to __________.

A)produce novel or unique ideas or objects
B)think about concrete objects abstractly
C)work well with input from internal sources
D)work well without input from internal sources

Question 36

__________ percent of the population has IQ scores between 70 and 130.

A)Sixty-five
B)Seventy-five
C)Eighty-five
D)Ninety-five

Question 37

When you took your college entrance exam,students across the country took the same test at the same time with the same instructions.What characteristic of a good psychological test do these similarities reflect?

A)reliability
B)standardization
C)validity
D)norms

Question 38

Charles Spearman believed that intelligence is composed of:

A)crystallized and visual-motor abilities.
B)general intelligence and specific abilities.
C)analytical,creative,and practical intelligence.
D)verbal and mathematical abilities.

Question 39

The individual test most often given to adults is __________.

A)the WAIS-IIIR
B)the MMPI
C)the Stanford-Binet
D)the WISC-III