Deck 9: Multiple Choice

Question 1

The white part that forms the eyeball is called the:

A) cornea.
B) sclera.
C) retina.
D) choroid layer.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Light is bent first by the _____ before entering the pupil.

A) lens
B) cornea
C) sclera
D) fovea

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Photoreceptors for black and white light are_____ than photoreceptors for color.

A) less sensitive
B) more sensitive
C) smaller
D) fewer in number

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The part of the sensory world that stimulates a neuron is called the neuron's:

A) target zone.
B) response region.
C) receptive field.
D) active region.

Question 5

The retina:

A) has receptors that face the incoming light.
B) receives an image that is upside down but not backward.
C) receives an image that is upside down and backward.
D) has receptors that face the incoming light and receives an image that is upside down but not backward.

Question 6

The colored part of the eye is called the:

A) iris.
B) lens.
C) cornea.
D) sclera.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true of rates of myopia in children?

A) Children spend more time doing schoolwork,which encourages the use of short-range vision and strains the eye muscles.
B) Children who watch more than 2 hours of television a day have higher rates of myopia.
C) Children who live in sunnier climates have lower rates of myopia.
D) Spending too much time indoors increases rates of myopia.

Question 8

The patient D.B.became blind in the left half of his visual field after surgery but:

A) regained his sight after a long recovery.
B) could tell you where a flashing light was located in his blind area.
C) was only blind to the right half of the midline and never showed recovery.
D) filled in the scotoma left by the surgery at the cortical level.

Question 9

People with myopia often have eyeballs that are _____,whereas people with hyperopia often have eyeballs that are _____.

A) too short;too long
B) too large;too small
C) too long;too short
D) too small;too large

Question 10

A condition in which a person hears in color or experiences different tastes when touching different textures would likely be diagnosed as:

A) schizophrenia.
B) synesthesia.
C) sensory crossing disorder.
D) a damaged thalamus.

Question 11

Optic flow tells us:

A) how fast we are going.
B) whether we are going in a straight line or up or down.
C) whether we are moving or the object is moving.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 12

_____ is caused by weakening of the elasticity of the lens in people older than 50 years.

A) Hyperopia
B) Myopia
C) Presbyopia
D) Macular degeneration

Question 13

The light-sensitive surface in the back of the eye is called the:

A) sclera.
B) lens.
C) iris.
D) retina.

Question 14

If we wear glasses that turn the image of the world upside down,the brain:

A) will immediately compensate and turn the world right side up again.
B) will turn the world so it is right side up again after only a few hours.
C) after several days will suddenly turn the world so it is right side up again.
D) cannot compensate,but while the world is upside down we very rapidly adapt our behavior.

Question 15

Difficulty seeing things that are not close to you (i.e. ,nearsightedness)is called:

A) hyperopia.
B) myopia.
C) presbyopia.
D) maculitis.

Question 16

_____ is the subjective interpretation of sensations by the brain;_____ is the registration of events from the environment on the sensory receptors.

A) Perception;sensation
B) Sensation;perception
C) Transduction;sensation
D) Perception;transduction

Question 17

The clinical term for farsightedness is:

A) hyperopia.
B) myopia.
C) fovea.
D) maculitis.

Question 18

Auditory flow gives us information about:

A) the source of sounds in the environment.
B) the frequency of a sound.
C) the timbre of a sound.
D) changes in pitch.

Question 19

Visible light is:

A) 100 to 700 nanometers.
B) 400 to 700 nanometers.
C) 300 to 800 nanometers.
D) 500 to 1000 nanometers.

Question 20

A _____ is a neural-spatial representation of areas of the sensory world perceived by a sensory organ.

A) sensory blueprint
B) sensory layout
C) receptor grid
D) topographic map

Question 21

David is 40 years old.He is having a hard time seeing at night when he drives because his eyesight has decreased around 50 percent since he was 20.His night vision will likely decrease by another _____ by the time he is 60.

A) 10 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 70 percent

Question 22

Photoreceptors are mostly densely packed in:

A) the fovea.
B) peripheral vision.
C) the retina.
D) the optic disc.

Question 23

A wavelength of 419 nanometers appears to us as:

A) red.
B) green.
C) yellow.
D) blue.

Question 24

Optic neuritis:

A) swells the blind spot.
B) causes loss of vision.
C) is probably the most common neurologic visual disorder.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 25

There is(are)_____ type(s)of cone cells.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) one

Question 26

Horizontal cells in the eye link the:

A) bipolar cells to the retinal ganglion cells.
B) receptors to the bipolar cells.
C) bipolar cells to the amacrine cells.
D) receptors to the amacrine cells.

Question 27

Swelling of the optic disc is known clinically as:

A) macular degeneration.
B) presbyopia.
C) retinopathy.
D) papilledema.

Question 28

Magnocellular cells:

A) primarily receive input from rods.
B) are insensitive to color.
C) have low visual acuity.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 29

Rods are found primarily in _____,whereas cones are found primarily in _____.

A) the fovea;peripheral vision
B) the retina;the optic disc
C) the optic disc;the fovea
D) peripheral vision;the fovea

Question 30

The portion of the eye that has the highest visual acuity is called the:

A) retina.
B) fovea.
C) magnification zone.
D) lens.

Question 31

Rods have a peak sensitivity at:

A) 250 nanometers.
B) 419 nanometers.
C) 559 nanometers.
D) 496 nanometers.

Question 32

Retinal ganglion cells form the:

A) fovea.
B) optic disc.
C) lateral geniculate nucleus.
D) optic nerve.

Question 33

People's ability to see in dim light decreases by approximately _____ between ages of 20 and 40 years.

A) 50 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 60 percent

Question 34

The optic disc is also known as the:

A) fovea.
B) optic nerve.
C) blind spot.
D) iris.

Question 35

Which of the following is the correct order of neuron layers in the retina from outermost to innermost?

A) bipolar cell layer,ganglion cell layer,photoreceptor layer
B) photoreceptor layer,ganglion cell layer,bipolar cell layer
C) ganglion cell layer,bipolar cell layer,photoreceptor layer
D) photoreceptor layer,bipolar cell layer,ganglion cell layer

Question 36

Parvocellular cells:

A) primarily receive their input from rods.
B) are sensitive to light but not color.
C) primarily receive their input from cones.
D) form the first retinal layer.

Question 37

A wavelength of 559 nanometers appears to us as:

A) orange.
B) green.
C) yellow.
D) blue.

Question 38

Which of the color-sensitive photoreceptors are fewest in number?

A) yellow cones
B) red cones
C) blue cones
D) green cones

Question 39

Amacrine cells link:

A) bipolar cells with horizontal cells.
B) horizontal cells with photoreceptors.
C) photo receptors with retinal ganglion cells.
D) bipolar cells with retinal ganglion cells.

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a type of retinal neuron?

A) bipolar cells
B) horizontal cells
C) amacrine cells
D) stellate cells

Question 41

Magnocellular cells send their projections to layers _____ and parvocellular neurons send their projections to layers _____ of the lateral geniculate nucleus.

A) 1 to 3;4 to 6
B) 4 to 6;1 to 3
C) 1 and 2;3 to 6
D) 3 to 6;1 and 2

Question 42

Cutting the optic nerve of the right eye prior to reaching the optic chiasm will result in loss of vision in:

A) the right visual field.
B) the left visual field.
C) half of each visual field.
D) the two nasal fields.

Question 43

The dorsal stream projects to the:

A) occipital lobe.
B) parietal lobe.
C) temporal lobe.
D) limbic lobe.

Question 44

Magnocellular cells send their projections to layer _____ of visual cortex.

A) IVC $\alpha$
B) IVC $\beta$
C) IVCd
D) V

Question 45

The geniculostriate system is as follows:

A) retina,lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus,layer IV of the visual cortex.
B) retina,lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus,layer VI of the visual cortex.
C) retina,superior colliculus,thalamus,layer IV of the visual cortex.
D) retina,superior colliculus,thalamus,layer VI of the visual cortex.

Question 46

In the optic chiasm,information from the _____ retinas crosses to the opposite side,whereas information from the _____ retinas stays on the same side.

A) nasal;temporal
B) central;peripheral
C) temporal;nasal
D) peripheral;central

Question 47

The superior colliculus sends its most direct connections to the:

A) lateral geniculate nucleus.
B) pulvinar.
C) striate cortex.
D) parietal cortex.

Question 48

Parvocellular cells send their projections to layer _____ of visual cortex.

A) IVC $\alpha$
B) IVC $\beta$
C) IVCd
D) V

Question 49

The _____ pulvinar sends projections to the temporal lobe,whereas the _____ pulvinar sends projections to the parietal lobe.

A) dorsal;ventral
B) medial;lateral
C) ventral;dorsal
D) lateral;medial

Question 50

The function of the retinohypothalamic tract is to:

A) process color information.
B) process form information.
C) initiate orienting responses.
D) regulate circadian rhythms.

Question 51

The tectopulvinar pathway can be used to explain:

A) blindsight.
B) visual agnosia.
C) cortical blindness.
D) color blindness.

Question 52

The superior colliculus plays an important role in:

A) object recognition.
B) color perception.
C) circadian rhythms.
D) orienting responses.

Question 53

Patient D.B.was able to locate spots of light presented in his blind field even though he could not see them because:

A) his geniculostriate pathway was intact.
B) his retinohypothalamic pathway was still intact.
C) his tectopulvinar pathway was still intact.
D) his dorsal stream was damaged.

Question 54

A second main visual pathway (in addition to the geniculostriate system)is organized as follows:

A) retina,lateral geniculate nucleus,superior colliculus,pulvinar,striate cortex,other visual areas.
B) retina,superior colliculus,pulvinar,striate cortex,other visual areas.
C) retina,superior colliculus,pulvinar,other visual areas.
D) retina,pulvinar,superior colliculus,other visual areas.

Question 55

Photosensitive retinal ganglion cells form the:

A) geniculostriate visual pathway.
B) tectopulvinar visual pathway.
C) retinohypothalamic tract.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 56

Which of the following sequences is correct?

A) rods,cones,bipolar,ganglion,lateral geniculate,simple cortical cells
B) rods,cones,ganglion,bipolar,lateral geniculate,simple cortical cells
C) rods,cones,bipolar,ganglion,simple cortical cells,lateral geniculate
D) rods,cones,ganglion,lateral geniculate,bipolar,simple cortical cells

Question 57

The tectopulvinar pathway is especially sensitive to:

A) fine details.
B) movement.
C) color.
D) texture.

Question 58

The ventral stream projects to the:

A) occipital lobe.
B) parietal lobe.
C) temporal lobe.
D) limbic lobe.

Question 59

The _____ is the primary visual relay nucleus in the thalamus.

A) medial geniculate nucleus
B) lateral geniculate nucleus
C) ventral pulvinar nucleus
D) mediodorsal nucleus

Question 60

The six layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)receive which of the following inputs from the eyes?

A) layers 2,4,and 6 from the ipsilateral eye
B) layers 2,4,and 6 from the contralateral eye
C) layers 1,4,and 6 from the contralateral eye
D) layers 1,4,and 6 from the ipsilateral eye

Question 61

Luminance contrast begins at the _____ cell level.

A) lateral geniculate
B) ganglion
C) simple cortical
D) complex cortical

Question 62

On-center cells:

A) are excited by light that falls across their entire receptive field.
B) are excited by light that falls in the periphery of their receptive field.
C) are inhibited by light that falls in the center of their receptive field.
D) are excited by light that falls in the center of their receptive field.

Question 63

Single-cell recordings in the primate temporal cortex have revealed that many neurons there respond to:

A) a single visual feature.
B) a combination of two visual features.
C) a combination of many different visual features.
D) bright and dark areas in the visual scene.

Question 64

Cells that respond to a moving bar of light in a specific orientation,without a strong inhibitory area at one end,are called:

A) lateral geniculate cells.
B) simple cortical cells.
C) complex cortical cells.
D) hypercomplex cortical cells.

Question 65

Cells in the blobs found in the visual cortex are involved in:

A) form perception.
B) motion perception.
C) color perception.
D) form and color perception.

Question 66

In area V2,the thin stripes carry information about _____,whereas thick stripes carry information about _____.

A) color;form
B) form;motion
C) motion;color
D) color;motion

Question 67

The corpus callosum:

A) connects the medial but not the lateral portions of the visual fields.
B) connects the lateral but not the medial portions of the visual fields.
C) connects the entire visual fields from the two hemispheres.
D) does not connect the two visual fields but does connect the parietal and frontal lobes.

Question 68

You are a researcher interested in understanding how single neurons might play a role in coding the identity of different faces.To examine this,you plan to do single unit recordings in monkeys.To ensure best chances of success,you decide to place your recording electrodes in area:

A) FFA.
B) PPA.
C) MT.
D) V4.

Question 69

Compared with retinal ganglion cells,cells in V1 have _____ receptive fields.

A) larger
B) smaller
C) equally sized
D) upside down

Question 70

The primary visual cortex is also known as:

A) V1.
B) V2.
C) V3.
D) V4.

Question 71

The ventral stream is important for _____,whereas the dorsal stream is important for _____.

A) object identification;control of movement
B) control of movement;control of language
C) control of language;object identification
D) control of movement;object identification

Question 72

In the visual cortex,the fovea has:

A) less representation than the periphery because the fovea has fewer cells on the retina.
B) the same representation on the cortex as the periphery.
C) more representation on the cortex than the periphery even though it has fewer cells in the retina.
D) more representation on the cortex because the fovea has more cells than the periphery.

Question 73

Visual information from the lower portion of the visual field is coded in the:

A) upper portion of V1.
B) lower portion of V1.
C) anterior portion of V1.
D) posterior portion of V1.

Question 74

Ocular dominance columns:

A) respond to lines in the same orientation.
B) respond to lines in slightly different orientations.
C) receive input from each eye.
D) None of the answers is correct.

Question 75

Retinal ganglion cells are very active when their receptive fields process:

A) uniformly bright surfaces.
B) uniformly dark surfaces.
C) the edge between a light surface and a dark surface.
D) dimly illuminated surfaces.

Question 76

Area _____ controls eye movements,whereas area _____ controls visually guided grasping.

A) LIP;FFA
B) AIP;LIP
C) PPA;AIP
D) LIP;AIP

Question 77

The receptive field of a lateral geniculate cell is:

A) larger than the receptive field of a retinal ganglion cell.
B) the same shape as the receptive field of a retinal ganglion cell.
C) composed of on-centers and off-surrounds or off-centers and on-surrounds.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 78

Since his recent stroke Roger has had trouble controlling his eye movements.In addition,when he reaches out to pick up objects,he often misses them.Roger most likely has damage to his:

A) ventral stream in the temporal lobe.
B) dorsal stream in the parietal lobe.
C) dorsal stream in the temporal lobe.
D) ventral stream in the parietal lobe.

Question 79

Cells that respond to moving bars and have a strong inhibitory area at one end of the receptive field are called:

A) lateral geniculate cells.
B) simple cortical cells.
C) complex cortical cells.
D) hypercomplex cortical cells.

Question 80

Orientation detection is first coded by:

A) the lateral geniculate cells.
B) simple cortical cells.
C) complex cortical cells.
D) hypercomplex cortical cells.