Deck 8: Cognition, Language, and Creativity.

Question 1

Passive, effortless daydreaming would be a type of

A) proxemics.
B) inductive thinking.
C) experiential processing.
D) reflective processing.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Cognition includes all of the following EXCEPT

A) language.
B) problem solving.
C) daydreaming.
D) reflexive actions.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Dr.Mascona shows his psychology class a slide in which the names of colors are printed in different colors of ink, such as the word green is printed in a purple ink.He then asks a volunteer to name the color of the ink in which each word is printed.Because his volunteer is a fluent English reader, she has difficulty naming the color of the ink because reading words has become so automatic to her.Dr.Mascona demonstrated how fluent readers use experiential processing in reading words by using which of the following?

A) ​Anagrams test
B) Snellen chart
C) ​Stroop interference task
D) "reverse vision" task

Answer 3

C

Question 4

University of Pennsylvania professor Vijay Kumar and his colleagues study how to best program swarms of intelligent quadrotors, which are tiny four-rotor helicopters.Each quadrotor in a swarm can be equipped with a digital camera to create unique artistic images or search for missing people or they can be outfitted with little tools to assemble machines in places unreachable in any other way.The creativity of individuals like Kumar raises questions, such as

A) ​Do creative people have special talents?
B) ​Doall people think in images as vivid as Kumar?
C) How ​do we form concepts, like the concept "quadrotor swarm"?
D) ​all of these.

Question 5

Oddly enough, non-fluent readers do not have as much trouble on the Stroop interference task since they cannot as yet use which of the following in reading the words? ​

A) ​algorithmic processing
B) automatic processing
C) conjunctive processing
D) ​reflective processing

Question 6

Many of history's geniuses, such as Einstein, Darwin, Mozart, Newton, Michelangelo, Galileo, Madame Curie, Edison, and Martha Graham​, can be defined by their higher-level __________ abilities.

A) ​algorithmic
B) denotative
C) ​creative
D) ​synesthesia

Question 7

The term "cognition" includes

A) thinking, problem solving, reasoning, and daydreaming.
B) classical and instrumental conditioning.
C) eidetic imagery and processing.
D) an active process by which sensory input is selected, organized, and integrated.

Question 8

When fluent readers of English attempt to name the colors in which the words are printed rather than reading the words on the Stroop interference task, theyusually having to deliberately check their responses to make sure they are not reading the color words aloud.This deliberate checking of their responses illustrates the use of __________ processing.

A) ​experiential
B) ​reflective
C) ​automatic
D) ​intuitive

Question 9

Cognition, or thinking, refers to

A) processing a mental expression of a problem or situation.
B) the capacity to act purposefully.
C) the ability to adapt to one's surroundings.
D) a deeper comprehension of the nature of the problem.

Question 10

Intense problem solving and planning require

A) reflective processing.
B) experiential processing.
C) intuitive thinking.
D) proxemics.

Question 11

In the Stroop interference task, fluent readers of English have difficulty quickly naming the color of the ink that is used to print the words because they

A) ​are trying to use reflective processing to read the words and experiential processing to identify the color of the ink.
B) ​are trying to use experiential processing to identify both the words and the ink colors.
C) ​normally use reflective processing to read words and this controlled use of processing interferes with ink color naming.
D) ​normally use experiential processing to read the words and this automatic processing interferes with ink color naming.

Question 12

University of Pennsylvania professor Vijay Kumar and his colleagues study how to best program swarms of tiny intelligent four-rotor helicopters to find missing people, create artistic images, or assemble machines in hard to reach places.These tiny four-rotor helicopters are called​

A) ​quadrotors.
B) ​bionic bees.
C) morphemes.
D) ​heuristics.

Question 13

Dr.Hart is investigating how humans mentally process information, such as images, concepts, words, rules, and symbols.He would best be described as studying

A) operant conditioning.
B) learning.
C) cognition.
D) proxemics.

Question 14

If thought is active, effortful, and controlled, you are engaged in

A) reflective processing.
B) experiential processing.
C) intuitive thinking.
D) proxemics.

Question 15

When thought is passive, effortless, and automatic, the person is engaged in

A) proxemics.
B) inductive thinking.
C) reflective processing.
D) experiential processing.

Question 16

Which of the following refers to processing a mental representation of a problem or situation?

A) intuition
B) intelligence
C) cognition
D) selective attention

Question 17

Jed is able to understand and remember what he read while studying psychology because he engaged in

A) proxemics.
B) reflective processing.
C) experiential processing.
D) divergent thinking.

Question 18

Glancing at the television to see if your favorite program has started yet would be an example of

A) proxemics.
B) inductive thinking.
C) reflective processing.
D) experiential processing.

Question 19

Donna is "looking over" her psychology notes while watching TV and texting her friends.Regarding her psychology notes, Donna is engaged in

A) proxemics.
B) selective attention.
C) experiential processing.
D) reflective processing.

Question 20

University of Pennsylvania professor Vijay Kumar and his colleagues study how to best program swarms of intelligent quadrotors, which are tiny four-rotor helicopters.These quadrotors have been able to

A) ​create unique artistic images or find missing people when fitted with a digital camera.
B) ​assemble machines in places unreachable in any other way when outfitted with little tools.
C) ​flock like birds andplay the James Bond theme song.
D) ​do all of these.

Question 21

Jeffrey often says that spiced chicken tastes "pointy," that pain is the color orange, and that hearing human voices unleashes a flood of colors and tastes.Jeffrey is experiencing a rare form of imagery known as

A) sensory overload.
B) sane hallucinations.
C) eidetic imagery.
D) synesthesia.

Question 22

Images, concepts, and symbols are

A) types of morphemes.
B) examples of heuristics.
C) types of semantics.
D) basic units of thought.

Question 23

Words and symbols and the rules for combining them are referred to as

A) concepts.
B) language.
C) morphemes.
D) semantics.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a basic unit of thought?

A) concepts
B) images
C) languages
D) engrams

Question 25

Mandy is an artist and often uses picture-like internal representations in her thinking.These internal representations are called

A) pseudoperceptions.
B) mental images.
C) illusions.
D) sane hallucinations.

Question 26

Which of the following involves internal representations that allow you to look at numerous options before acting so you can avoid many mistakes?

A) insight
B) planning
C) intrinsic encoding
D) sensory memory

Question 27

Thinking involves all of the following EXCEPT

A) pattern recognition.
B) intuition.
C) attention and memory
D) engramatic notation.

Question 28

Thinking involves the manipulation of three basic forms of thought, which are

A) images, concepts, and language.
B) language, memory, and vestibular sensations.
C) scripts, schemes, and synesthesia.
D) pictures, sounds, and illusions.

Question 29

When you are deciding what to study for an exam, what to say at a job interview, or how to get to your spring break hotel, you are using the reflective process called

A) planning.
B) intuition.
C) semantic encoding.
D) transformation.

Question 30

Darby is a psychologist who studies concept formation, pattern recognition, memory, decision making, and different types of thought.Darby is most likely a(n)__________ psychologist.

A) existential
B) comparative
C) cognitive
D) forensic

Question 31

Your visual representation of a bakery may also include its wonderful odor and the delicious taste of its baked goods.This shows that which of the following involves more than pictures?

A) mental images
B) concepts
C) symbolic rules
D) automatic processing

Question 32

In order for two blindfolded chess players to play a game, they must rely on all of the following EXCEPT

A) respondent conditioning.
B) images.
C) concepts.
D) the notational system of chess.

Question 33

Which of the following often includes visual and auditory representations, but can also include representations of movement, touch, taste, smell, and pain?

A) pseudoperception
B) mental imagery
C) illusionary processing
D) automatic processing

Question 34

Picture-like mental representations are called

A) morphemes.
B) images.
C) engrams.
D) concepts.

Question 35

A recent college graduate mentally tries out several "answers" to possible questions he might be asked by prospective employers before actually going to his first interview.This college graduate is exhibiting

A) planning.
B) the semantic differential.
C) intrinsic encoding.
D) procedural memory.

Question 36

A person who has unusual olfactory experiences when bombarded with the sounds of rock music would be described as having

A) sensory overload.
B) muscular imagery.
C) eidetic imagery.
D) synesthesia.

Question 37

A form of imagery in which images cross normal sense barriers, such as sounds being experienced as colors, is called

A) synesthesia.
B) hallucinations.
C) eidetic imagery.
D) pseudoperceptions.

Question 38

Regarding aspects of cognition, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Animals other than humans can engage in simple forms of cognitive learning.
B) Planning allows us to try out various options and avoid making many mistakes.
C) Planning requires reflective processing.
D) Daydreaming would be an example of reflective processing.

Question 39

A television interviewer who mentally tries out several lines of questioning before actually beginning a live interview is exhibiting the reflective process called

A) intrinsic encoding.
B) planning.
C) procedural memory.
D) the semantic differential.

Question 40

Generalized ideas that represent categories of objects or events are called

A) morphemes.
B) images.
C) engrams.
D) concepts.

Question 41

Lonnie is an architect, who must add a new building on an already crowded college campus.To generate the most original solution to this problem, hewill

A) use eidetic imagery.
B) use mental images of buildings he has seen in the past.
C) combine language and concepts.
D) assemble or invent new mental images.

Question 42

If you mentally picture a dog sitting beside a mosquito, it is easy to "zoom in" on the dog's nose.However, you would take longer in trying to "zoom in" on the wings of the mosquito.This is because

A) ​the size of mental images is invariant across individuals.
B) ​the larger an object is, the harder it is to see its details.
C) ​although individuals are very good at forming mental images of animals, they are not so good at forming mental images of insects.
D) ​the larger an object is, the easier it is to see its details.

Question 43

If you are asked, "How many ways can you use an empty egg carton?" you might begin by picturing uses you have already seen, such as sorting buttons into a carton.To give more original answers, you must

A) use eidetic imagery.
B) verbally talk about the egg carton.
C) assemble or invent new images.
D) do all of these.

Question 44

When you choose what clothes to wear or figure out how to arrange furniture in a room, you are using mental images to

A) change your feelings.
B) make a decision or solve a problem.
C) improve a skill or prepare for some action.
D) aid memory.

Question 45

Jeff is presented with a picture of a connected block formation and then presented with four pictures of block formations that have the same number of connected blocks but shown from different perspectives.In order for Jeff to select which one of the four perspectives matches the original block formation, he must

A) use eidetic imagery.
B) use visual assimilation.
C) form a three-dimensional image and rotate it.
D) retrieve a stored image and utilize it as a disjunctive concept.

Question 46

According to Stephen Kosslyn, the BEST way to improve your ability to form more detailed mental images of an object is to​

A) ​form unusual or bizarre images.
B) ​use synesthesia in forming an image of the object.
C) ​visualize the object as close to its correct size and shape as possible.
D) ​form an oversized image of the object.

Question 47

Forming oversized images of objects in one's mind

A) ​is impossible.
B) ​makes it harder to see the details of the object.
C) ​makes it easier to see the details of the object.
D) ​requires that a person utilize synesthesia in forming the image.

Question 48

Which of the following are used to change our feelings, make decisions, and aid memory or improve a skill?

A) respondent stimuli
B) mental images
C) iconic memories
D) sensory gating effects

Question 49

Concerning mental imagery, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) People with good imaging abilities tend to score higher on tests of creativity, even if they are blind.
B) To give more original answers, most people assemble or invent new images.
C) Fewer than 10 percent of people can mentally rotate objects in their minds.
D) Most artists, architects, designers, sculptors, and filmmakers have excellent visual imagery.

Question 50

Research on mental imagery indicates that

A) we typically create mental images through eidetic imagery.
B) we mentally "pick up" an object and turn it around or even fold it.
C) our mental images are flat, like photographs.
D) our mental images are restricted to visual or auditory qualities.

Question 51

Recent research on mental images indicates that human subjects

A) can form three-dimensional images.
B) are restricted to two-dimensional images similar to photographs.
C) use images that are limited to the visual sense.
D) are unable to mentally rotate a mental image.

Question 52

Tony is mentally rehearsing how he will ask his boss for a raise.Tony is using mental images to

A) change his feelings.
B) make a decision.
C) prepare for some action.
D) aid memory.

Question 53

Regarding mental imagery, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Almost everyone has visual and auditory images.
B) Many people experience imagery for movement, touch, taste, smell, and pain.
C) Experimental work has shown that mental images appear flat like photographs.
D) People commonly use mental images to change feelings and make decisions.

Question 54

Mental imagery can involve all of the following EXCEPT

A) picture-like visual images.
B) images for smell, taste, and pain.
C) the mental rotation of the imaged object.
D) words and categories of objects.

Question 55

Which of the following is partly based on imagined movements?

A) mental rotation
B) synesthesia
C) "reverse vision"
D) eidetic imagery

Question 56

Regarding mental imagery, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Almost everyone has visual and auditory images.
B) Mental images are not flat like photographs.
C) Less than 10 percent of humans have imagery for movement, touch, taste, smell, and pain.
D) People can mentally rotate objects in their minds.

Question 57

Nan is upset because she has not lost enough weight to buy the new swimsuit that she had wanted, so she imagines herself on the beach having fun with her friends in her current swimsuit.Nan is using mental images to

A) change her feelings.
B) make a decision.
C) prepare for some action.
D) aid memory.

Question 58

To answer the question, "Does a frog have lips and a stubby tail?" most people

A) use mental rotation.
B) utilize eidetic imagery.
C) utilize conjunctive images.
D) are unable to correctly answer the question.

Question 59

In which of the following ways would mental images NOT be used ?

A) to change our feelings
B) to make decisions
C) to improve a skill
D) to prevent automatic processing

Question 60

The paintings of your favorite artist depict his subjective impressions rather than the exact external objects.This may be due to this artist's brain allowing him to experience sounds as colors and shapes so that he literally paints what he "sees," which illustrates the rare form of imagery known as

A) lateral perspective.
B) sane hallucinations.
C) synesthesia.
D) eidetic imagery.

Question 61

If you were asked in which direction do you turn the hot-water handle in your kitchen to shut off the water, you would most likely use __________ imagery.

A) vestibular
B) conjunctive
C) inductive
D) kinesthetic

Question 62

Which of the following represents a category of related objects or events and helps us identify important features of the world?

A) algorithm
B) heuristic
C) kinesthetic image
D) concept

Question 63

An effective way for athletes to improve their skills off the field is to practice by rehearsing

A) negative self-talk to motivate themselves.
B) relaxation images to use when they make a "bad" play.
C) the use of synesthesia regarding their upcoming athletic performance.
D) kinesthetic images of themselves performing flawlessly.

Question 64

A concept is defined as

A) a mental representation that has picture-like qualities.
B) an ideal model used as a prime example of some category.
C) a generalized idea representing a category of related objects or events.
D) the smallest meaningful unit in a language.

Question 65

Jabar will be participating in a piano competition.On the flight to this competition, one could see Jabar slightly moving his fingers on the food tray as if he were playing the musical composition he will be presenting at the competition.To practice for this competition, Jabar is using

A) illusionary figures.
B) synesthesia.
C) kinesthetic imagery.
D) eidetic imagery.

Question 66

Your young son is having difficulty tying his shoe.While you give verbal suggestions, you are actually tying the shoe in your mind with your hands making slight movements as if tying a shoe.Your thoughts and micromovements of your hands illustrate your use of __________ imagery.

A) intuitive
B) conjunctive
C) inductive
D) kinesthetic

Question 67

When you form a mental image of "a car," the brain area where memories are stored sends signals back to the primary visual area to create that image through a process known as

A) synesthesia.
B) visual assimilation.
C) "reverse vision."
D) eidetic imagery.

Question 68

Kinesthetic imagery is created from remembered or imagined

A) muscular sensations.
B) auditory sensations.
C) visual illusions.
D) intuitive impressions.

Question 69

Which of the following guides the flow of ideas as one explains how to perform a motor activity, such as playing a guitar?

A) kinesthetic imagery
B) visual assimilation
C) eidetic imagery
D) inductive conceptualization

Question 70

Rock climbers would most likely use which type of imagery to learn climbing routes and to plan their next few moves?

A) eidetic
B) kinesthetic
C) convergent
D) experiential

Question 71

When you form a mental image of "a flower," the brain area where memories are stored sends signals back to which brain area in order to create that image?

A) somatosensory area
B) primary visual area
C) temporal lobe
D) reticular formation

Question 72

An idea representing a category of related objects or events is called a(n)

A) abstraction.
B) relational attribute.
C) unified thought.
D) concept.

Question 73

To help understand how the ear "hears" sounds, Researcher Stephen Kosslyn would recommend that you​

A) ​use rote recitation in naming the parts of the ear.
B) ​make an exact replica of the ear and its parts using clay.
C) ​study pictures of the ear taken from different perspectives.
D) ​explore the ear in your mind as if it were a large cave.

Question 74

If you have good kinesthetic imagery, you most likely will be able to

A) use the left side of your brain.
B) learn the newest dance steps quickly.
C) think of an exciting plot for a novel.
D) argue successfully in a court of law.

Question 75

When you form a mental image of "a kite flying in the sky," the brain area where memories are stored sends signals back to the visual cortex to create that image.This process is known as

A) visual assimilation.
B) synesthesia.
C) "reverse vision."
D) none of these.

Question 76

When Richard visualizes his girlfriend's face, the area in his brain that initially becomes most active is the

A) somatosensory area.
B) area that specializes in face perception.
C) hypothalamus.
D) motor cortex.

Question 77

To help understand synaptic transmission, researcher Stephen Kosslyn would recommend that you​

A) ​picture the synapse as a canal with neurotransmitter molecules the size of small rowboats moving across the canal.
B) ​use rote recitation in stating the steps that occur during a synaptic transmission.
C) ​make an exact replica of two neurons using clay so you can study how synaptic transmission occurs across the synaptic gap between the neurons.
D) ​study the picture that depicts a synaptic transmission in your textbook from different perspectives.

Question 78

A baseball player, a skateboarder, or anyone involved in a movement-oriented activity would find which type of imagery especially important?

A) kinesthetic
B) semantic
C) prototypical
D) conjunctive

Question 79

Regarding "reverse vision," which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) "Reverse vision" is the process involved when a person experiences eidetic imagery.
B) "Reverse vision" is the common name for synesthesia.
C) "Reverse vision" occurs when one forms any mental image.
D) "Reverse vision" occurs when a person uses a hallucinogenic drug that prevents normal mental imagery.

Question 80

To help understand electricity, Researcher Stephen Kosslyn would recommend that you​

A) ​use a mnemonic system to devise an acrostic to describe the process.
B) ​picture the wires as large pipes with electrons the size of golf balls moving through the pipes.
C) ​study electrical diagrams from different perspectives.
D) ​follow an actual electrical wiring system form its source to its utility usage.